Table 3.

Population PK Parameter Values Reported by Models Chosen for Analysis

Variable	Median (range) or N (%)
	Potts15	James16	Morse17	Pérez-Guillé18	Wiczling19
CL (L/h/70kg)	42.1	27.3	53.8	20.8	41.6
V1 (L/70kg)	56.3	161	25.2	21.9	52
Q,Q2 (L/h/70kg)	78.3	26.0	100.8, 37.2	75.8	56.8
V2,V3 (L/70kg)	69	7903	34.4, 65.4	81.2	70.4
IIV (%CV)a
CL, Q, Q2	30.9, 37.0	103, 82	35.8, 63.2, 89.7b	27.5, 25.3	30.9, 37
V1, V2, V3	61.3, 47.0	138, 624	103.9, 41.8, 61.6b	20.2, 21.8	61.3, 47
Residual errora
Additive	0 Fixed	0 Fixed	0.004 (μg/mL)	0 Fixed	0 Fixedc
Proportional (%CV)	16.2	50.5	19	14.2	0 Fixedc
Covariates
Covariate	Age on CL Surgery on CLd	PMA on CL	Age on CL Fat mass on V	NA	Age on CL
Effect size	TM50=44.5 Hill = 2.56 Finf = 0.73	TM50=41.9 Hill = 7.04	TM50=52.4 Hill = 1 Fixed Ffat = 0.293	NA	TM50=44.5 Hill = 2.45

^aAll IIV and Residual Error values (as %CV unless otherwise noted) shown as reported in each publication.

^bReported as population parameter variability percent or PPV%.

^cModel utilized an exponential error model where EPS = 0.1.

^dWhere F_inf represents the proportion of pre-surgery clearance that is observed for dexmedetomidine infusions after surgery within the study populations.

Cl, clearance; CV, coefficient of variation; EPS, epsilon or the variance of the normally distributed residual error values; F_fat, fractional influence of fat mass on volume of distribution compared to lean body weight; F_inf, proportional clearance observed within 24 hours after surgery; Hill, exponent describing the slope of the maturation curve; IIV, Inter-individual variability; PPV%, population parameter variability percent; PMA, Post-menstrual age; Q, inter-compartmental clearance; TM50, age in weeks at 50% of adult clearance; V, Volume of distribution.