Table 2.
Characteristics of the study population according to CDAI quartiles.
| Total (N = 2,158) | Q1 (N = 540) | Q2 (N = 539) | Q3 (N = 539) | Q4 (N = 540) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 58.87 (0.41) | 59.47 (0.73) | 59.38 (0.77) | 59.84 (0.72) | 57.10 (0.71) | 0.022 |
| Sex (%) | 0.026 | |||||
| Female | 1,005 (47.88) | 273 (55.65) | 232 (42.41) | 245 (47.86) | 255 (46.42) | |
| Male | 1,153 (52.12) | 267 (44.35) | 307 (57.59) | 294 (52.14) | 285 (53.58) | |
| Race (%) | 0.022 | |||||
| Mexican American | 425 (9.15) | 103 (9.51) | 104 (8.47) | 111 (9.63) | 107 (9.05) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 529 (14.38) | 145 (18.24) | 130 (13.51) | 138 (14.80) | 116 (11.63) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 797 (63.26) | 183 (57.44) | 205 (66.91) | 189 (60.75) | 220 (66.87) | |
| Other Hispanic | 210 (5.71) | 63 (7.81) | 57 (5.26) | 44 (4.05) | 46 (5.83) | |
| Other Race | 197 (7.51) | 46 (6.99) | 43 (5.85) | 57 (10.77) | 51 (6.62) | |
| Drinking (%) | 0.002 | |||||
| Former | 538 (23.50) | 160 (27.89) | 141 (24.21) | 123 (23.10) | 114 (19.65) | |
| Heavy | 292 (12.43) | 71 (12.22) | 67 (12.36) | 67 (11.84) | 87 (13.18) | |
| Mild | 737 (36.46) | 139 (25.71) | 192 (35.85) | 208 (43.89) | 198 (39.41) | |
| Moderate | 217 (11.21) | 61 (16.12) | 40 (6.23) | 58 (8.70) | 58 (13.76) | |
| Never | 374 (16.40) | 109 (18.06) | 99 (21.36) | 83 (12.48) | 83 (13.99) | |
| Smoking (%) | 0.016 | |||||
| Former | 704 (33.10) | 174 (31.42) | 174 (33.80) | 171 (29.25) | 185 (37.12) | |
| Never | 1,091 (49.67) | 258 (44.03) | 273 (48.80) | 279 (55.84) | 281 (49.77) | |
| Now | 363 (17.23) | 108 (24.55) | 92 (17.40) | 89 (14.90) | 74 (13.12) | |
| Hypertension (%) | 0.330 | |||||
| No | 571 (28.24) | 130 (25.57) | 145 (28.57) | 139 (26.21) | 157 (31.86) | |
| Yes | 1,587 (71.76) | 410 (74.43) | 394 (71.43) | 400 (73.79) | 383 (68.14) | |
| DR (%) | 0.006 | |||||
| No | 1749 (82.89) | 417 (76.06) | 443 (82.97) | 442 (83.64) | 447 (87.74) | |
| Yes | 409 (17.11) | 123 (23.94) | 96 (17.03) | 97 (16.36) | 93 (12.26) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 32.98 (0.22) | 33.55 (0.53) | 32.33 (0.42) | 32.80 (0.43) | 33.24 (0.41) | 0.299 |
| ALT, u/l | 26.74 (0.58) | 25.14 (1.11) | 27.77 (1.69) | 25.88 (0.76) | 27.87 (0.81) | 0.121 |
| AST, u/l | 25.12 (0.43) | 25.79 (1.34) | 24.81 (0.84) | 25.08 (0.66) | 24.89 (0.66) | 0.921 |
| Sodium, mmol/l | 139.02 (0.12) | 139.17 (0.18) | 139.40 (0.21) | 138.73 (0.19) | 138.82 (0.21) | 0.031 |
| Calcium, mmol/l | 2.35 (0.00) | 2.34 (0.01) | 2.36 (0.01) | 2.34 (0.01) | 2.35 (0.01) | 0.099 |
| Potassium, mmol/l | 4.16 (0.02) | 4.13 (0.02) | 4.18 (0.02) | 4.22 (0.03) | 4.13 (0.02) | 0.015 |
| Albumin, g/dl | 4.10 (0.01) | 4.02 (0.03) | 4.13 (0.02) | 4.10 (0.02) | 4.13 (0.02) | 0.003 |
| TC, mg/dl | 181.48 (1.35) | 183.04 (2.84) | 185.62 (2.54) | 179.19 (2.77) | 178.51 (2.47) | 0.194 |
| HDL, mmol/l | 1.24 (0.01) | 1.24 (0.02) | 1.24 (0.02) | 1.25 (0.02) | 1.24 (0.02) | 0.990 |
BMI, body mass index; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate transaminase; TC, total serum cholesterol; HDL, high density lipoprotein; DR, diabetic retinopathy.
CDAI: Q1 (−6.65, −2.45), Q2 (−2.45, −0.60), Q3 (−0.60, 1.83), Q4 (1.83, 28.07). All values are expressed as a proportion (%) or mean ± standard deviation.