TABLE 3.

Comparing polymalate (PMA) production by titre, product‐to‐substrate yield Y_PS, and volumetric productivity of several bioreactor fermentations with different strains and substrates.

Strain	Substrate	Fermentation mode	Titre (g L−1)	YPS (g g−1)	Vol. prod. (g L−1 h−1)	References
A. pullulans ZD‐3d	Glucose	10 L batch	57	0.48 a	0.35	Zhang et al. (2011)
A. pullulans P6	Glucose	10 L batch	99 b	0.85 b	0.63 b	Ma et al. (2013)
A. pullulans ZX‐10	Glucose	5 L batch	41	0.47	0.49	Zou et al. (2013)
A. pullulans ZX‐10	Glucose	5 L pulsed fed‐batch	76	0.49	0.61
A. pullulans ZX‐10	Glucose	5 L fed‐batch (fibrous bed)	144	0.55	0.74
A. pullulans ZX‐10	Sucrose	5 L batch	49	0.68	0.26	Wei et al. (2017)
A. pullulans ZX‐10	Sugarcane molasse	5 L batch	53	0.54	0.28
A. pullulans ZX‐10	Sugarcane molasses	5 L pulsed fed‐batch	116	0.41	0.43
A. pullulans ZX‐10	Sugarcane molasses	5 L repeated batch	40	0.34	0.41–0.66
A. pullulans ipe‐1	Glucose	7.5 L repeated batch	44–57	0.23–0.27	0.91–1.3	Cao et al. (2016)

^a Calculated value.

^b Ca²⁺‐PMA.