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. 2024 Jul 29;14:16900. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-63726-0

Table 2.

Characteristics of clusters of significantly higher odds ratios of aggressive prostate cancer after adjustment for age at diagnosis only (baseline model).

Outside clusters (N = 69,249) Altoona (N = 489) Philadelphia (N = 3999) Pittsburgh (N = 8843) Overall (N = 82,580)
Odds ratio

 Median

[Min, Max]

0.93

[0.64, 1.54]

1.43

[1.36, 1.46]

1.21

[1.14, 1.29]

1.29

[1.17, 1.68]

0.97

[0.64, 1.68]

Age

 Median

[Min, Max]

65.0

[31.0, 105]

68.0

[43.0, 96.0]

64.0

[37.0, 94.0]

66.0

[37.0, 105]

65.0

[31.0, 105]

Race
 White 62,825 (90.7%) 475 (97.1%) 1536 (38.4%) 7687 (86.9%) 72,523 (87.8%)
 Black 5889 (8.5%) 13 (2.7%) 2394 (59.9%) 1131 (12.8%) 9427 (11.4%)
 Native 28 (0.0%) 1 (0.2%) 3 (0.1%) 1 (0.0%) 33 (0.0%)
 Asian 507 (0.7%) 0 (0%) 66 (1.7%) 24 (0.3%) 597 (0.7%)
Insurance
 Private 33,835 (48.9%) 181 (37.0%) 1693 (42.3%) 4923 (55.7%) 40,632 (49.2%)
 Not insured/self-pay 344 (0.5%) 4(0.8%) 15 (0.4%) 46 (0.5%) 409 (0.1%)
 Medicaid 1356 (2.0%) 13 (2.7%) 419 (10.5%) 260 (2.9%) 2048 (2.5%)
 Medicare 28,370 (41.0%) 250 (51.1%) 1586 (39.7%) 3115 (35.2%) 33,321 (40.3%)
 Military 560 (0.8%) 6 (1.2%) 15 (0.4%) 26 (0.3%) 607 (0.7%)
 Unknown 4784 (6.9%) 35 (7.2%) 271 (6.8%) 473 (5.3%) 5563 (6.7%)
Poverty level
  < 4.99% 23,128 (33.4%) 53 (10.8%) 74 (1.9%) 2237 (25.3%) 25,492 (30.9%)
  < 9.99% 22,831 (33.0%) 177 (36.2%) 329 (8.2%) 2943 (33.3%) 26,280 (31.8%)
  < 19.99% 16,876 (24.4%) 125 (25.6%) 919 (23.0%) 2156 (24.4%) 20,076 (24.3%)
  > 20% 6414 (9.3%) 134 (27.4%) 2677 (66.9%) 1507 (17.0%) 10,732 (13.0%)
County-level water quality (EQI)
 Very high 32,923 (47.5%) 0 (0%) 3999 (100%) 0 (0%) 36,922 (44.7%)
 High 13,336 (19.3%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 13,336 (16.1%)
 Average 12,272 (17.7%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 6589 (74.5%) 18,861 (22.8%)
 Low 6510 (9.4%) 489 (100%) 0 (0%) 2254 (25.5%) 9253 (11.2%)
 Very low 4208 (6.1%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 4208 (5.1%)
Employment

 Median

[Min, Max]

0.42

[0, .92]

0.36

[0, 0.47]

0.78

[0, 1.40]

0.52

[0, 0.95]

0.44

[0, 1.40]