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Renal metabolic markers in the preconception period. (A) PGC1α mRNA expression, relative to 18S. (B) Insulin Receptor mRNA expression, relative to 18S. (C) PPARα mRNA expression, relative to 18S. (D) FAS mRNA expression, relative to 18S. E. FAS protein expression by immunohistochemistry. N = 8 per group, results expressed as mean ± SEM, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005 ***P < 0.0005 ****P < 0.0001. P value for ANOVA. (scale bar = 100 μm).
