TABLE 2.
Demographic and characteristics in FTR and controls
| Variable | FTR (N = 77) | Controls (N = 41) | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 77 ± 8 | 77 ± 11 | 0.73 |
| Female, n (%) | 50 (65) | 25 (61) | 0.67 |
| CV risk factors | |||
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 13 (17) | 8 (19) | 0.74 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 40 (52) | 24 (58) | 0.32 |
| Hypercholesterolaemia, n (%) | 34 (44) | 24 (58) | 0.16 |
| Smoker, n (%) | 10 (13) | 5 (12) | 0.63 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 73 (95) | 41 (100) | 0.91 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 11 (14) | 5 (12) | 0.42 |
| COPD or asthma, n (%) | 7 (9) | 4 (9) | 0.32 |
| Renal disease, n (%) | 7 (9) | 3 (7) | 0.62 |
| Previous left valve surgery | 37 (48) | 0 (0) | NA |
| TR aetiology | |||
| Atrial TR, n (%) | 40 (52) | NA | NA |
| Ventricular TR, n (%) | 37 (48) | NA | NA |
| NYHA class | <0.001 | ||
| I/II | 63 (81) | 41 (100) | |
| III | 13 (17) | 0 | |
| IV | 1 (1) | 0 | |
| Diuretic treatment | NA | ||
| At least one type of diuretic treatment | 48 (62) | 0 | |
| Loop diuretics | 33 (43) | 0 | |
| Potassium‐sparing diuretics | 27 (35) | 0 | |
| Biochemistry | |||
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.9 ± 0.22 | 0.97 ± 0.8 | 0.5 |
| Haemoglobin, g/dL | 12.6 ± 2 | 13.2 ± 1.6 | <0.001 |
| Adjusted BNP (BNP/upper limit of normal for age/gender) | 1.2 (0.7–1.7) | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 0.001 |
| Total bilirubin, mmol/L | 0.89 (0.6–1.3) | 0.76 (0.6–1.2) | 0.78 |
| ASAT, U/L | 23 (18–28) | 21 (18–26) | 0.65 |
| ALAT, U/L | 16 (14–22) | 16 (13–21) | 0.79 |
| GGT, U/L, med | 57 (33–110) | 45 (27–67) | 0.002 |
| LDH, U/L | 247 (191–247) | 225 (188–278) | 0.39 |
| ALP, U/L | 84 (74–111) | 76 (66–90) | 0.005 |
| Echocardiographic parameters | |||
| LV ejection fraction, % | 60 ± 8 | 64 ± 9 | 0.94 |
| LA volume, mL/m2 | 106 ± 60 | 99 ± 28 | 0.006 |
| Average E/e′ | 11 ± 4 | 11.3 ± 4 | 0.35 |
| RV end‐diastolic area, cm2 | 23 ± 8 | 16 ± 5 | 0.004 |
| RV end‐systolic area, cm2 | 13 ± 5 | 9 ± 6 | 0.005 |
| RA area, cm2 | 31 ± 14 | 26 ± 9 | 0.02 |
| RA volume, mL | 111 (70–165) | 86 (60–103) | 0.012 |
| RV FAC, % | 44.1 ± 9 | 44 ± 7 | 0.78 |
| TAPSE, mm | 20 ± 4 | 22 ± 3 | 0.01 |
| S′ wave TDI, cm/s | 10.4 ± 2 | 11.6 ± 2 | 0.07 |
| RV‐free wall longitudinal strain | −21.7 ± 6 | −25.9 ± 3 | <0.001 |
| RA reservoir strain | 12 ± 7 | 22 ± 8 | <0.001 |
| TR max velocity, cm/s | 263 ± 51 | NA | NA |
ALAT, alanine aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ASAT, aspartate aminotransferase; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CV, cardiovascular; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GGT, gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase; LDH, serum lactate dehydrogenase; LV, left ventricular; NYHA, New York Heart Association; RV, right ventricular; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TDI: tissue Doppler imaging; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.