TABLE 5.
Comparisons between patients with and without events
| Variable | Patients with events, n = 25 | Patients without events, n = 52 | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basal characteristics | |||
| Age, years | 80 ± 8 | 76 ± 8 | 0.037 |
| Female, n (%) | 10 (40) | 40 (77) | 0.002 |
| At least one CV risk factor, n (%) | 20 (80) | 35 (67) | 0.25 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 5 (20) | 6 (11) | 0.28 |
| COPD or asthma, n (%) | 3 (12) | 5 (9) | 0.10 |
| Renal disease, n (%) | 5 (20) | 5 (10) | 0.14 |
| Biochemistry | |||
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.13 ± 0.3 | 1.08 ± 0.8 | 0.83 |
| Haemoglobin, g/dL | 11.8 ± 2 | 13.0 ± 2 | 0.016 |
| Adjusted BNP (BNP/upper limit of normal for age/gender) | 3.05 ± 2.1 | 1.4 ± 1.2 | <0.001 |
| Total bilirubin, mmol/L | 1.33 ± 0.6 | 0.96 ± 0.5 | 0.014 |
| ASAT, U/L, median (IQR) | 24 (20–34) | 22 (18–26) | 0.14 |
| ALAT, U/L, median (IQR) | 17 (14–22) | 16 (13–23) | 0.78 |
| GGT, U/L, median (IQR) | 112 (84–155) | 44 (28–73) | <0.001 |
| LDH, U/L, median (IQR) | 249 (206–324) | 246 (189–31) | 0.59 |
| ALP, U/L, median (IQR) | 104 (74–146) | 84 (73–99) | 0.113 |
| Imaging parameters | |||
| Atrial TR, n (%) | 14 (56) | 26 (50) | 0.28 |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 58 ± 10 | 61 ± 8 | 0.24 |
| LA volume, mL/m2 | 103 ± 60 | 107 ± 63 | 0.83 |
| Average E/e′ | 10 ± 4 | 11 ± 4 | 0.53 |
| RV end‐diastolic area, cm2 | 29 ± 7 | 20 ± 7 | <0.001 |
| RV end‐systolic area, cm2 | 16 ± 6 | 11 ± 4 | <0.001 |
| RA volume, mL/m2 | 163 ± 80 | 127 ± 90 | 0.18 |
| RV FAC, % | 44 ± 10 | 44 ± 9 | 0.73 |
| TAPSE, mm | 19.6 ± 4 | 21 ± 4 | 0.16 |
| S′ wave TDI, cm/s | 10.1 ± 2 | 10.4 ± 2 | 0.60 |
| RV‐free wall longitudinal strain | −16 ± 5 | −24 ± 6 | 0.004 |
| RA reservoir strain | 8 ± 4 | 14 ± 7 | <0.001 |
| TR biplane vena contracta, mm | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.004 |
| ERO, median (IQR), cm2 | 0.99 ± 0.8 | 0.49 ± 0.5 | 0.023 |
| TR max velocity, cm/s | 254 ± 65 | 268 ± 43 | 0.28 |
| Relative miRNA expression | |||
| hsa‐miR‐409‐3p | 1.11 (0.76–2.47) | 1.3 (0.59–2.66) | 0.93 |
| hsa‐miR‐375 | 1.57 (0.69–2.89) | 0.93 (0.54–1.41) | 0.054 |
| hsa‐miR‐222‐3p | 1.10 (0.84–1.40) | 1.19 (0.92–1.39) | 0.57 |
| hsa‐miR‐15a‐5p | 0.94 (0.66–1.24) | 1.28 (1.01–1.84) | <0.001 |
| hsa‐miR‐29b‐3p | 0.82 (0.62–1.07) | 0.94 (0.72–1.12) | 0.11 |
| hsa‐miR‐152‐3p | 0.54 (0.39–0.75) | 0.68 (0.53–0.86) | 0.037 |
| hsa‐miR‐30e‐5p | 0.39 (0.02–0.55) | 0.47 (0.40–0.60) | 0.133 |
| hsa‐miR‐186‐5p | 0.40 (0.02–0.55) | 0.43 (0.01–0.65) | 0.78 |
| hsa‐miR‐101–3p | 0.84 (0.53–1.04) | 1.10 (0.88–1.59) | <0.001 |
| hsa‐miR‐126‐5p | 0.84 (0.60–1.16) | 0.93 (0.68–1.22) | 0.258 |
| hsa‐miR‐92a‐3p | 0.80 (0.56–1.32) | 1.38 (1.03–1.74) | 0.001 |
| hsa‐miR‐363‐3p | 0.78 (0.45–1.38) | 1.33 (0.98–2.07) | 0.002 |
| hsa‐miR‐148a‐3p | 1.06 (0.64–1.22) | 0.87 (0.69–1.20) | 0.594 |
| hsa‐miR‐324‐3p | 0.89 (0.78–1.14) | 1.17 (0.94–1.47) | 0.040 |
| hsa‐miR‐22‐3p | 0.91 (0.80–1.03) | 1.35 (1.04–1.79) | 0.002 |
| hsa‐miR‐29c‐3p | 0.89 (0.76–1.33) | 1.00 (0.82–1.25) | 0.49 |
Clinical and imaging parameters and relative miRNA expression.
BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CV, cardiovascular; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ERO, effective regurgitant orifice; GGT, gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase; LV, left ventricular; NYHA, New York Heart Association; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricular; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.