Glucose responsiveness of hydrogel devices. (A) An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) confirms both experimental hydrogel groups (with and without microchannels) and control mice achieved normoglycemia 90 min post-dextrose injection. (B) Area under the curve (AUC) indicates the mice with hydrogel devices, with or without microchannels, are not statistically significant compared to control mice according to a one-way ANOVA (±SEM, P = 0.12; n, +Microchannels (n = 6), −Microchannels (n = 3), Control (n = 9). Mice in all groups achieved normoglycemic levels (~200 mg/dL) 90 min post-injection of dextrose.