Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the study population, n (%)
|
Characteristics
|
Training cohort
|
Validation cohort
|
P value
|
| Patients | 500 | 62 | |
| PHLF | 142 (28.40) | 22 (35.50) | 0.250 |
| Sex | 0.080 | ||
| Male | 413 (89.01) | 45 (72.58) | |
| Female | 87 (10.99) | 17 (27.42) | |
| Age in yr, mean ± SD | 55.70 ± 10.70 | 53.05 ± 10.62 | 0.067 |
| TB in mg/dL, median; IQR | 12.8; 9.9-17.0 | 13.4; 9.2-17.2 | 0.740 |
| ALB in g/L, median; IQR | 43; 40.0-46.0 | 41; 38.8-45.0 | 0.130 |
| ALT in U/L, median; IQR | 27; 19.0-38.0 | 32; 21.0-39.0 | 0.250 |
| PT in s, median; IQR | 12.4; 11.7-13.2 | 12.0; 11.5-13.0 | 0.080 |
| INR, median; IQR | 10.5; 9.9-11.1 | 10.2; 9.7-10.9 | 0.110 |
| PLT as × 109/L, median; IQR | 148.5; 111.0-197.0 | 167.5; 139.8-192.0 | 0.060 |
| GGT in U/L, median; IQR | 43.0; 11.0-1019.0 | 44.5; 16.0-543.0 | 0.190 |
| WBC as × 109, median; IQR | 5.55; 1.84-14.07 | 5.88; 2.01-14.30 | 0.250 |
| HB in g/L, median; IQR | 142; 66-203 | 145; 105-267 | 0.200 |
| AFP | 0.680 | ||
| ≤ 20 | 239 (47.8) | 27 (43.5) | |
| > 20 | 261 (52.2) | 35 (56.5) | |
| LS in kPa, median; IQR | 10.8; 7.9-14.0 | 9.6; 8.0-12.3 | 0.150 |
| SPA in cm2, median; IQR | 38.70; 38.50-41.10 | 39.16; 37.90-44.80 | 0.370 |
| Tumor size in cm, median; IQR | 3.1; 0.5-25.0 | 3.8; 0.7-13.0 | 0.230 |
| Tumor number, median; IQR | 1; 1.0-15.0 | 1; 1.0-2.0 | 0.090 |
| RR | 0.070 | ||
| Minor | 400 (80.0) | 43 (69.4) | |
| Major | 100 (20.0) | 19 (30.6) | |
| BL in mL, median; IQR | 100; 50-200 | 175; 50-300 | 0.390 |
| Clamping time in min, median; IQR | 15.0; 0-69 | 13.5; 0-60 | 0.150 |
| HBV | 0.570 | ||
| Positive | 468 (93.6) | 60 (96.7) | |
| Negative | 32 (6.4) | 2 (3.3) | |
| HBV-DNA level | 0.680 | ||
| ≥ 103 IU/mL | 286 (57.2) | 32 (51.6) | |
| < 103 IU/mL | 32 (42.8) | 30 (48.4) | |
| PHLF | 0.250 | ||
| Absent | 358 (71.6) | 40 (64.5) | |
| Present | 142 (28.4) | 22 (35.5) | |
| PHLF ISGLS grade | 0.310 | ||
| 0-A | 464 (92.8) | 55 (88.7) | |
| B-C | 36 (7.2) | 7 (11.3) |
Data in parentheses were used to calculate percentages. AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; ALB: Albumin; ALT: Alanine transaminase; BL: Blood loss; GGT: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; HB: Hemoglobin; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; INR: International normalized ratio, multiplied by 10; IQR: Interquartile range; ISGLS: International Study Group on Liver Surgery; LS: Liver stiffness; PHLF: Posthepatectomy liver failure; PLT: Platelet; PT: Prothrombin time; RR: Range of resection; SD: Standard deviation; SPA: Spleen area; TB: Total bilirubin; WBC: White blood cell.