Table 1. Participant Characteristics.
| Characteristic | Values (N = 433)a |
|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) [range], y | 39.4 (1.2) [36-43] |
| Race | |
| Black | 218 (50.3) |
| White | 215 (49.7) |
| Childhood parental income, US$ | |
| <10 000 | 80 (18.5) |
| 10 000-19 999 | 74 (17.1) |
| 20 000-39 999 | 122 (28.2) |
| ≥40 000 | 157 (36.3) |
| Parental educational level | |
| High school or lower | 98 (22.6) |
| Some college | 200 (46.2) |
| College degree or higher | 135 (31.2) |
| Current smoking status | |
| No | 355 (82.0) |
| Yes | 78 (18.0) |
| Current diabetes statusb | |
| No | 370 (86.2) |
| Yes | 59 (13.8) |
| Late adolescent waist circumference, mean (SD) [range], cm | 76.31 (12.80) [58.50-127.05] |
| Childhood Perceived Stress Scale score, mean (SD) [range]c | 25.69 (6.68) [8-50] |
| Midlife HOMA-IR, median (range)d,e | 1.75 (0.44-9.28) |
| Midlife GrimAge2, mean (SD) [range], ye | 61.60 (5.59) [47.35-82.04] |
| Midlife DunedinPACE, mean (SD) [range]e | 1.28 (0.17) [0.95-1.62] |
Abbreviation: HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance.
a
Unless otherwise indicated, data are expressed as No. (%) of participants. Percentages have been rounded and may not total 100.
b
Missing for 4 participants.
c
Measured at 11 years of age. Scores range from 0 to 56, with higher scores indicating higher levels of perceived stress.
d
Raw variable presented here; log-transformed variable was used in analyses. Outliers were removed to accurately represent the analytic sample. The median is presented due to nonnormal distribution.
e
Measured at 40 years of age.