Table 2. Independent and Additive Associations of Stress at 11 Years of Age and Childhood Parental SES With Insulin Resistance at 40 Years of Age From 336 Observations.
Factor | Covariate model | SES model | Combined model | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Standardized β coefficient (95% CI)a | P value | Standardized β coefficient (95% CI)b | P value | Standardized β coefficient (95% CI)c | P value | ηp2 Effect size | |
Intercept | −0.28 (−0.43 to −0.131) | .54 | −0.06 (−0.32 to 0.20) | .53 | −0.03 (−0.29 to 0.23) | .55 | NA |
Age | −0.01 (−0.11 to 0.091) | .85 | −0.004 (−0.11 to 0.10) | .94 | −0.02 (−0.12 to 0.08) | .73 | .00003 |
Diabetesd | 0.87 (0.54 to 1.201) | <.001 | 0.86 (0.54 to 1.19) | <.001 | 0.79 (0.47 to 1.12) | <.001 | .09 |
Current smokerd | 0.05 (−0.22 to 0.31) | .73 | 0.01 (−0.26 to 0.28) | .97 | −0.02 (−0.29 to 0.25) | .89 | .001 |
Racee | 0.36 (0.16 to 0.57) | .001 | 0.31 (0.10 to 0.52) | .004 | 0.32 (0.11 to 0.53) | .003 | .04 |
Parental educational level | |||||||
High school or lower | NA | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | .02 |
Some college | NA | NA | −0.18 (−0.44 to 0.08) | .18 | −0.20 (−0.46 to 0.06) | .13 | |
College degree or higher | NA | NA | −0.33 (−0.62 to −0.04) | .03 | −0.37 (−0.66 to −0.08) | .01 | |
Childhood perceived stress | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.14 (0.04 to 0.25) | .006 | .02 |
Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; SES, socioeconomic status.
R2 = 0.116; adjusted R2 = 0.106.
R2 = 0.129; adjusted R2 = 0.113. P = .08 compared with covariate model.
R2 = 0.149; adjusted R2 = 0.131. P = .006 compared with covariate model.
A value of 1 indicates yes; a value of 0, no.
A value of 1 indicates White; a value of 2, Black.