Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Characteristic | All patients (N = 335) N (%) | Baseline CHD (N = 139) N (%) | No baseline CHD (N = 196) N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (median, IQR) | 68 (62–74) | 70 (65–75) | 66 (60–72) |
| Female | 180 (54) | 63 (45) | 117 (60) |
| ECOG PS | |||
| 0 | 115 (34) | 36 (26) | 79 (40) |
| 1 | 185 (55) | 79 (57) | 106 (54) |
| 2 | 35 (10) | 24 (17) | 11 (6) |
| Smoking, pack-years (median, IQR) | 37.5 (17–50) | 45 (25–60) | 30 (10–50) |
| Current/former smoker | 303 (90) | 135 (97) | 168 (86) |
| Baseline CVD | 161 (48) | 139 (100) | 22 (11) |
| Baseline CHD | 139 (41) | 139 (100) | 0 |
| Heart failure | 34 (10) | 34 (24) | 0 |
| Coronary artery disease | 100 (30) | 100 (72) | 0 |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 39 (12) | 39 (28) | 0 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 67 (20) | 68 (48) | 0 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 31 (9) | 31 (22) | 0 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 51 (15) | 32 (23) | 19 (10) |
| Other arrythmia | 9 (3) | 6 (4) | 3 (2) |
| Symptomatic valvulopathy | 15 (4) | 13 (9) | 2 (1) |
| Framingham risk, % (median, IQR) | N/A | N/A | 21 (13–32) |
| Low (<10 %) | N/A | N/A | 31 (16) |
| Moderate (10 %−20 %) | N/A | N/A | 63 (32) |
| High (>20 %) | N/A | N/A | 102 (52) |
| Hypertension | 215 (64) | 110 (79) | 105 (54) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 162 (48) | 95 (68) | 67 (34) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 71 (21) | 46 (33) | 25 (13) |
| BMI (kg/m2) (median, IQR) | 27.3 (23.8–30.9) | 27.7 (24.4–31.1) | 26.4 (23.1–30.8) |
| Baseline statin use | 184 (55) | 110 (79) | 74 (38) |
| Histology | |||
| Adenocarcinoma | 170 (51) | 65 (47) | 105 (54) |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 137 (41) | 62 (45) | 75 (38) |
| Other | 28 (8) | 12 (9) | 16 (8) |
| AJCC Stage (8th edition) | |||
| II | 23 (7) | 12 (9) | 11 (6) |
| IIIA | 156 (47) | 67 (48) | 89 (45) |
| IIIB | 124 (37) | 49 (35) | 75 (38) |
| IIIC | 32 (10) | 11 (8) | 21 (11) |
| T stage | |||
| 0–1 | 104 (31) | 52 (37) | 52 (27) |
| 2 | 68 (20) | 28 (20) | 40 (20) |
| 3 | 67 (20) | 25 (18) | 42 (21) |
| 4 | 96 (29) | 34 (24) | 62 (32) |
| N stage | |||
| 0 | 35 (10) | 15 (11) | 20 (10) |
| 1 | 27 (8) | 14 (10) | 13 (7) |
| 2 | 199 (59) | 78 (56) | 121 (62) |
| 3 | 74 (22) | 32 (23) | 42 (21) |
| Laterality of primary tumor | |||
| Right | 205 (61) | 72 (52) | 133 (68) |
| Left | 114 (34) | 58 (42) | 56 (29) |
| Mediastinum | 16 (5) | 9 (6) | 7 (4) |
| PD-L1 expression | |||
| < 1% | 111 (33) | 40 (29) | 71 (36) |
| ≥ 1% | 162 (48) | 67 (48) | 95 (48) |
| Unknown | 62 (19) | 32 (23) | 30 (15) |
| RT dose, Gy (median, IQR) | 66.6 (66.6–70) | 66.6 (66–70) | 66 (66–70) |
| RT technique | |||
| Proton therapy | 117 (35) | 51 (37) | 66 (34) |
| Pencil beam scanning | 74 (22) | 28 (20) | 46 (23) |
| Passive scatter | 43 (13) | 23 (17) | 20 (10) |
| Photon therapy | 218 (65) | 88 (63) | 130 (66) |
| Intensity-modulated RT | 199 (59) | 79 (57) | 120 (61) |
| 3D-conformal RT | 19 (6) | 9 (6) | 10 (5) |
| Concurrent chemotherapy regimen | |||
| Carboplatin/paclitaxel | 242 (72) | 109 (78) | 133 (68) |
| Cisplatin/etoposide | 39 (12) | 13 (9) | 26 (13) |
| Carboplatin/pemetrexed | 24 (7) | 9 (6) | 15 (8) |
| Other | 30 (9) | 8 (6) | 22 (11) |
| Consolidation ICI receipt | 225 (67) | 92 (66) | 133 (68) |
| Durvalumab | 215 (64) | 88 (63) | 127 (65) |
| Other ICI | 10 (3) | 4 (3) | 6 (3) |
| Weeks of treatment (median, IQR) | 34 (12–50) | 33.5 (11–48) | 36 (12–51) |
| GTVp, cc (median, IQR) | 41.8 (12.1–124.1) | 34.3 (6.6–119.6) | 51.1 (16.9–133.4) |
| GTVn, cc (median, IQR) | 23.2 (6.0–47.0) | 23.2 (6.5–44.1) | 23.3 (5.9–49.9) |
| LAD V15Gy, % (median, IQR) | 1.4 (0–21.9) | 1.4 (0–21.0) | 1.0 (0–22.1) |
| Heart mean dose, Gy (median, IQR) | 8.7 (4.6–14.4) | 8.2 (4.1–14.4) | 9.0 (4.8–14.5) |
| Heart V25Gy, % (median, IQR) | 11.3 (5.1–21.3) | 9.9 (4.0–20.3) | 12.2 (5.8–22.8) |
| Heart V50Gy, % (median, IQR) | 4.2 (1.2–8.1) | 3.3 (1.0–7.8) | 4.6 (1.6–8.3) |
| Lung mean dose, Gy (median, IQR) | 15.3 (12.1–17.7) | 14.6 (11.7–17.5) | 15.8 (12.5–17.9) |
| Esophagus mean dose, Gy (median, IQR) | 20.4 (12.8–26.9) | 19.1 (11.7–27.3) | 20.9 (14.7–26.7) |
| EDIC (median, IQR) | 4.4 (3.4–5.5) | 4.2 (3.3–5.4) | 4.5 (3.4–5.6) |
CVD, cardiovascular disease; CHD, coronary heart disease; IQR, interquartile range; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; N/A, not assessed; BMI, body mass index; AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1; RT, radiation therapy; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; GTVp, primary gross tumor volume; GTVn, nodal gross tumor volume; Vx Gy, volume receiving ≥ x Gy; EDIC, effective radiation dose to immune circulating cells.