TABLE 2.
Combination therapy using anti-angiogenic agents with immunotherapy.
| Combined therapy | Type of cancer | Study type | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bevacizumab + atezolizumab | Non-small-cell lung cancer (plus paclitaxel and carboplatin) Hepatocellular carcinoma |
Approved Phase III |
Cheng et al., 2019
Cheng et al., 2022; Garcia et al., 2020 |
| Rivoceranib + camrelizumab | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Phase III | Qin et al. (2023) |
| Anlotinib + sintilimab | Metastatic cervical cancer Advanced non-small-cell lung cancer |
Phase II Phase 1b |
Xu et al. (2022)
Yu et al. (2023) |
| Axitinib + pembrolizumab | Metastatic renal cell carcinoma | Phase III | Tamada et al. (2022) |
| Lenvatinib + pembrolizumab | Advanced renal cell carcinoma | Phase III | Choueiri et al. (2023) |
| Avelumab + axitinib | Advanced renal cell carcinoma | Phase III | Larkin et al. (2023) |
| Sunitinib + MD5-1 | Breast cancer model | Preclinical | Tsukita et al. (2018) |
| Sunitinib + anti-PD-1 | Hepatocellular carcinoma model | Preclinical | Li et al. (2020b) |
| Sunitinib + anti-CTLA-4 | Melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma model | Preclinical | Li et al. (2020a) |
| Anti-VEGF + ACT-based immunotherapy | Melanoma | Preclinical | Shrimali et al. (2010) |