Table 4.
Clinical parameters collected from COVID-19 patients
| Variables | 3 months, post-COVID-19 w/o PE, n = 19 | 3 months, post-COVID-19 with PE, n = 10 | 6 months, post-COVID-19 w/o PE, n = 15 | 6 months, post-COVID-19 with PE, n = 8 | 12 months, post-COVID-19 w/o PE, n = 13 | 12 months, post-COVID-19 with PE, n = 7 | P-value, (COVID-19 with PE, vs w/o PE) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FVC (%) | 97.8 ± 18.0 | 101 ± 13.8 | 97.8 ± 23.9 | 102 ± 4.95 | 107 ± 27.5 | 100 ± 5.57 | ns |
| FEV1 (%) | 90.6 ± 30.8 | 98.9 ± 21.6 | 99.2 ± 23.6 | 107 ± 4.24 | 102 ± 33.6 | 101 ± 7.23 | ns |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 93.5 ± 26.8 | 97.5 ± 14.4 | 68.7 ± 52.8 | 50.1 ± 69.2 | 94.5 ± 101 | 101 ± 8.49 | ns |
| TLC (L) | 111 ± 32.8 | 105 ± 15.1 | 96.3 ± 10.6 | 95.5 ± 7.78 | 101 ± 18.7 | 90.3 ± 4.51 | ns |
| RV (L) | 105 ± 20.4 | 114 ± 32.8 | 101 ± 17.1 | 75.5 ± 10.6 | 99.2 ± 38.7 | 72.3 ± 6.03 | ns |
| DLCO (%) | 73.3 ± 19.8 | 74.3 ± 11.4 | 76.5 ± 8.60 | 66.0 ± 0.00 | 69.2 ± 14.3 | 64.0 ± 7.81 | ns |
| 6MWT (m) | 342 ± 80.4 | 397 ± 39.3 | 316 ± 117 | 483 ± 0.00 | 334 ± 121 | 420 ± 111 | ns |
| Hb (g/dL) | 13.7 ± 1.71 | 14.2 ± 1.92 | 14.1 ± 1.60 | 13.7 ± 2.12 | 14.0 ± 1.83 | 13.8 ± 2.00 | ns |
| HTC (%) | 42.3 ± 5.01 | 43.5 ± 4.59 | 43.4 ± 4.36 | 42.4 ± 4.76 | 43.4 ± 4.96 | 42.2 ± 4.25 | ns |
| Lym (K/mcL) | 2.4 ± 0.98 | 2.17 ± 0.79 | 1.85 ± 0.63 | 2.01 ± 0.74 | 1.97 ± 0.66 | 2.24 ± 0.45 | ns |
| LDH (mg/dL) | 188 ± 33.4 | 203 ± 31.3 | 195 ± 37.2 | 205 ± 39.6 | 192 ± 33.9 | 208 ± 18.6 | ns |
| MF (ng/mL) | 145 ± 103 | 136 ± 157 | 180 ± 123 | 72.7 ± 63.0* | 168 ± 120 | 143 ± 151 | < 0.05 |
| Iron (II,III) (µg/dL) | 67.4 ± 24.9 | 78.1 ± 29.9 | 81.0 ± 27.4 | 85.3 ± 21.5 | 93.2 ± 48.6 | 88.1 ± 33.5 | ns |
| Transferrin (mg/dL) | 255 ± 57.4 | 250 ± 47.6 | 284 ± 48.4 | 260 ± 56.0 | 270 ± 60.2 | 245 ± 81.0 | ns |
| Transferrin saturation (%) | 19.8 ± 8.56 | 22.4 ± 8.65 | 20.8 ± 8.67 | 23.9 ± 7.79 | 26.3 ± 16.2 | 25.1 ± 11.21 | ns |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 0.41 ± 0.68 | 0.10 ± 0.06 | 0.31 ± 0.27 | 0.24 ± 0.20 | 0.32 ± 0.32 | 0.85 ± 1.74 | ns |
| Troponin (ng/L) | 21.8 ± 13.9 | 13.5 ± 11.8 | 20.0 ± 15.1 | 8.69 ± 9.12* | 17.8 ± 13.1 | 9.69 ± 5.11 | < 0.05 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 581 ± 791 | 166 ± 109* | 656 ± 805 | 121 ± 64.3** | 278 ± 210 | 144 ± 40.5 | < 0.05 |
| Positive DD (%) | 5 (29.4%) | 0 (0.00%) | 3 (21.4%) | 2 (28.6%) | 2 (15.4%) | 1 (14.3%) | ns |
| FIB (mg/dL) | 418 ± 80.4 | 385 ± 96.8 | 456 ± 84.4 | 440 ± 72.3 | 440 ± 79.2 | 464 ± 115 | ns |
Clinical characteristics of 3, 6 and 12-months post-COVID-19 patients with or w/o pulmonary embolism (PE)
PE pulmonary embolism, FVC forced vital capacity, FEV forced expiratory volume, TLC total lung capacity, RV residual volume, DLCO carbon monoxide diffusing capacity, 6MWT Six minute walk test, Hb hemoglobin, HTC hematocrit, Lym lymphocytes, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, MF maximum ferritin, CRP C reactive protein, NT-proBNP N-terminal-pro hormone B-type natriuretic peptide, DD Dimer-D, FIB Fibrinogen
Values expressed as mean ± SD. Unpaired t test for parametric tests, Mann–Whitney test for non-parametric tests and Chi squared test for categorical variables, *P < 0.05