Figure 8.
Vertical averaged upwelling/downwelling velocity based on secondary circulation in (a) KS-17-9, (c) WK-9-9, and (d) WK-10-9. (b) Zoom of the indicated box in (a). Stations, where the absolute vertical velocity was > 5 m s−1, were only marked. Isolines show the SSH (m) during each cruise, whose intervals were 0.01 and 0.05 m for thin and thick lines, respectively. Bold black isoline indicates the rough pathway of Oyashio, assuming SSH value at the current axis along the black dotted line. Green dotted lines illustrate the QSJ pathway, connecting the flow axis of each observation line.