Table 3. Summary results on contextual factors.

	Egypt	Germany	Jordan	Lebanon	Sweden	Switzerland	The Netherlands	Türkiye
GDP per capita in 2020 (current USD) and income group	3,569.2 USD Lower-MIC	46,252.7 USD HIC	4,282.8 USD Upper-MIC	4,649.5 USD Upper-MIC	52,274.4 USD HIC	87,100.4 USD HIC	52,396 USD HIC	8,536.4 USD Upper-MIC
Total unemployment in 2020 (% of total labour force)	7.9%	3.8%	19.2%	11.4%	8.3%	4.8%	3.8%	13.1%
Migration Integration Index in 2019 (0-100) a	-	Health: 63 Overall: 58	-	-	Health: 83 Overall: 86	Health: 83 Overall: 50	Health: 65 Overall: 57	Health: 69 Overall: 43
Languages spoken (%)	Modern Standard (Egyptian) Arabic (68%), Sa’idi Arabic (29%). Arabic (2%)	German (94%), English (32%), French (9%); Russian (8%)	Arabic, English widely spoken	Lebanese Arabic (official), English and French widely spoken, Armenian	Swedish, and most able to speak English	(Swiss) German (63%), (Swiss) French (23%), (Swiss) Italian (8%), Romansh (<1%)	Dutch (98%), majority also speak English and German	Turkish (90%), Kurdish (6%), Arabic (1%), other (3%)
The religion practised in country (%)	Islam (95%), Christianity (5%), other (<1%)	Christianity (61%), non- religious (30%), Islam (4%), other (5%)	Islam (95%), Christianity (4%), other (1%)	Islam (54%), Christianity (40%), Druze (6%)	Christianity (63%), non- religious (35%), Islam (2%), other (<1%)	Christianity (68%), non-religious (24%), Islam (5%), other (3%)	non-religious (68%), Christianity (25%), Islam (5%), Hinduism and Buddhism (2%)	Islam (80%), Christianity (5%), non-religious (7%), other (8%)
Number of registered Syrian refugees (year; % total host population)	131,232 Syrian refugees registered (2021; 0.1%)	572,818 Syrian refugees registered (2019; 0.7%)	670,637 Syrian refugees registered (2021; 6.6%)	865,531 Syrian refugees registered (2020; 12.7%)	123,431 Syrian asylum seekers (2011–2020; 1.2%)	21,105 Syrian asylum seekers (2011–2020; 0.3%	27,284 Syrians granted residence permits (2010– 2020; 0.2%)	3,574,800 Syrian refugees registered (2021; 4.2%)
Proportion of Syrian refugees living in camps in host country (%)	Syrian refugees in Egypt do not live in camps but are living among Egyptian communities across Egypt.	Newly arrived Syrian refugees begin in a reception centre but eventually move into the community in one of the country’s sixteen states.	Approximately 17% of Syrian refugees live in camps.	Unknown as official camps (e.g. UNHCR camps) are not allowed.	Asylum seekers are offered accommodation by the Swedish Migration Agency (e.g. apartment, centre, house) or can live in private accommodation.	All asylum seekers live in one of the six federal reception and processing centres across the country for the first months before being settled into a host canton.	Asylum seekers live in one of the reception centres for the first months and are then housed by municipalities across the country.	Approximately 6% of Syrian refugees remain in refugee camps.

Sources: WHO, UNHCR, World Bank, World Atlas, Wikipedia (religions and languages), national statistical bureaus (e.g. CBS for the Netherlands, Migrationverket for Sweden). See Supplementary File 6 for a more detailed overview of findings on context and inputs, including sources used.

^aMIPEX score is based on a set of indicators covering eight policy areas designed to benchmark current laws and policies against the highest standards through consultations with top scholars and institutions using and conducting comparative research in their area of expertise. The policy areas of integration covered by the MIPEX are labour market mobility; Family reunification, Education; Political participation; Permanent residence; Access to nationality; Anti-discrimination; and Health. A policy indicator is a question relating to a specific policy component of one of the eight policy areas. Each answer has a set of options with associated values (from 0 to 100). The maximum of 100 is awarded when policies meet the highest standards for equal treatment. Source: https://www.mipex.eu/