Table 3. MR Estimates for Vision Impairment and Dementiaa.
| MR estimate | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|
| MR estimate of visual impairment association with dementia | |
| Genetically predicted association between cataracts and all-cause dementia | |
| Inverse-variance weighted | 1.21 (0.98-1.50) |
| MR-Egger | 1.37 (0.84-2.23) |
| Weighted median | 1.23 (0.91-1.66) |
| Weighted mode | 1.21 (0.83-1.76) |
| Genetically predicted association between cataracts and vascular dementia | |
| IVW | 1.92 (1.26-2.92) |
| MR-Egger | 2.33 (0.90-6.02) |
| Weighted median | 1.99 (1.05-3.77) |
| Weighted mode | 2.24 (1.00-4.98) |
| MR estimate of AD association with visual impairment (reverse causality) | |
| Genetically predicted association between AD and self-reported and ICD-10 diagnoses of cataracts | |
| IVW | 0.99 (0.96-1.01) |
| MR-Egger | 0.99 (0.96-1.03) |
| Weighted median | 0.99 (0.97-1.01) |
| Weighted mode | 1.00 (0.97-1.01) |
| Genetically predicted association between AD and myopia | |
| IVW | 0.96 (0.92-1.00) |
| MR-Egger | 0.98 (0.93-1.03) |
| Weighted median | 0.96 (0.93-0.99) |
| Weighted mode | 0.97 (0.94-1.01) |
| Genetically predicted association between AD and binary 20/40 vision | |
| IVW | 0.93 (0.86-1.00) |
| MR-Egger | 0.96 (0.88-1.05) |
| Weighted median | 0.95 (0.88-1.03) |
| Weighted mode | 0.95 (0.88-1.03) |
Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer disease; ICD-10, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision; IVW, inverse variance-weighted; MR, mendelian randomization; OR, odds ratio.
a
Models adjusted for age, sex, and first 10 principal components to proxy for genetic ancestry.