Nowak 2010.

Methods	Randomised, placebo‐controlled, dose‐escalation, multicentre trial
Participants	29 patients with severe acute asthma in emergency department setting
Interventions	All patients received nebulised albuterol and ipratropium with oral corticosteroids. Patients with FEV1< 55% were randomised to MN‐221 (bedoradrine) or placebo
Outcomes	13 patients received placebo and 16 patients received MN‐221. MN‐221 was administered at the following doses: 5 at 240 ug over 15 min, 6 at 450 ug over 15 min, and 5 at 1080 ug over two hours (2 received 1995 ug). Reduced hospitalisation rate: MN‐221 4/16 (25%) vs placebo 7/13 (54%). Improved FEV1: change in baseline AUC1‐5hr was 43% higher in the MN‐221 arm compared to placebo. No significant difference in adverse events between arms: ECG, heart rate, etc
Notes	Abstract format only.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Unclear.  Conference abstract – limited information
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Unclear.  Conference abstract – limited information
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Unclear.  Conference abstract – limited information
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Unclear.  Conference abstract – limited information
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Unclear.  Conference abstract – limited information
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Unclear.  Conference abstract – limited information

CASS: Clinical Asthma Severity Score 
 FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 sec 
 iv: intravenous 
 NPV: negative predictive value 
 PFTs: pulmonary function tests