Table 3:

Multivariable analysis of risk factors associated with dying by suicide compared to dying by self-injurious unnatural death

	Suicide		Self-injurious unnatural death (SIUD)
	Controls = 1,206		Controls = 4,575
	Cases = 122		Cases = 461
Parameter	aIRR (95% CI)	p-value	aIRR (95% CI)	p-value
Demographics
Age	1·2 (0·71–2·02)	*	1·11 (0·84–1·45)	*
Region
Ref· South
Northeast	0·32 (0·14–0·71)	0·005	1·22 (0·91–1·62)	0·177
Midwest	0·79 (0·38–1·63)	0·523	0·95 (0·67–1·36)	0·8
West	1·6 (1·01–2·55)	0·049	1·46 (1·11–1·93)	0·007
Mental Health
Previous suicide attempt	2·8 (1·35–5·8)	0·006	1·55 (1·08–2·23)	0·019
Affective disorders	1·76 (1·06–2·92)	0·028	1·51 (1·18–1·94)	0·001
Schizophrenia	1·61 (0·58–4·47)	0·363	0·65 (0·39–1·07)	0·087
PTSD	1·1 (0·57–2·11)	0·783	1·02 (0·77–1·36)	0·876
Alcohol use disorder	1·53 (0·85–2·75)	0·158	1·46 (1·1–1·93)	0·008
Drug use disorder	1·03 (0·56–1·9)	0·912	1·73 (1·29–2·33)	<0·001
Medication Prior 90 Days
Psychotropics	1·08 (0·65–1·77)	0·774	1·22 (0·95–1·56)	0·124
Benzodiazepine	3·07 (1·79–5·28)	<0·001	2·09 (1·54–2·85)	<0·001
Opioid	1·31 (0·77–2·22)	0·319	1·17 (0·89–1·52)	0·255
Service Utilization Prior 365 Days
Inpatient mental health	3·58 (1·59–8·06)	0·002	2·06 (1·41–2·99)	<0·001
Outpatient mental health	0·98 (0·59–1·62)	0·933	1·12 (0·88–1·43)	0·365
Other Comorbidities
Hep-C	1·1 (0·63–1·92)	0·748	1·52 (1·17–1·97)	0·002
Physiologic frailty
VACS Index 2·0 per 5 points	1·07 (0·99–1·16)	0·074	1·16 (1·12–1·2)	<0·001
Smoking Status
Ref· Nonsmoker
Current smoker	1·09 (0·65–1·83)	0·739	1·42 (1·05–1·92)	0·023
Former smoker	1·2 (0·62–2·3)	0·586	1·14 (0·75–1·72)	0·54
Most Recent Pain Score
Ref· No Pain 0
1–3 low	0·86 (0·42–1·79)	0·696	1·04 (0·71–1·51)	0·843
4–6 moderate	0·64 (0·27–1·51)	0·306	0·83 (0·56–1·22)	0·34
7–10 high	1·03 (0·54–1·97)	0·931	1·45 (1·07–1·98)	0·018

^*matched variables