Table 4.
Association between socio-demographic characteristics and nutritional status
| Variable | Wasting n(%) | Underweight n(%) | Stunting n(%) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | p-value | No | Yes | p-value | No | Yes | p-value | ||
| Child age (month) | 0 to 5 | 31 (96.9) | 1 (3.1) | 0.77* | 31(96.9) | 1(3.1) | 0.092 | 25(78.1) | 7 (21.9) | 0.139 |
| 6 to 23 | 133(97.8) | 3 (2.2) | 123(90.4) | 13(9.6 | 88(64.7) | 48(35.3) | ||||
| 24 to 60 | 265(97.8) | 6(2.2) | 259(95.6) | 12(4.4) | 198(731) | 73 (26.9) | ||||
| Caregiver’s age (years) | 17–24 | 52 (100) | 0 (0) | 0.435* | 50 (96.2) | 2 (3.8) | 0.042 | 36 (69.2) | 16 (30.8) | 0.672 |
| 25–34 | 194 (98) | 4 (2) | 180(90.9) | 18 (9.1) | 137(69.2) | 61 (30.8) | ||||
| ≥ 35 | 180(96.8) | 6 (3.2) | 180(96.8) | 6 (3.2) | 136(73.1) | 50 (26.9) | ||||
| Household’s head age | below3 | 68 (100) | 0 | 0.442* | 67 (98.5) | 1 (1.4) | 0.047 | 56 (82.3) | 12 (17.6) | 0.001 |
| 30–39 | 182(97.8) | 4 (2.1) | 178(95.6) | 8 (4.3) | 140(75.2) | 46 (24.7) | ||||
| 40–59 | 158(96.3) | 6 (3.6) | 150(91.4) | 14 (8.5) | 106(64.6) | 58 (35.3) | ||||
| 60 and above | 21 (100) | 0 (0) | 18 (85.7) | 3 (14.2) | 9 (42.8) | 12 (57.1) | ||||
| Caregiver’s education | Higher education | 4 (100) | 0 | 0.341* | 4 (100) | 0 | 0.975* | 3 (75) | 1 (25) | 0.53 |
| never attended | 50 (98) | 1 (1.9) | 48 (94.1) | 3 (5.8) | 35 (68.6) | 16 (31.3) | ||||
| incomplete primary | 140(96.5) | 5 (3.4) | 136(93.7) | 9 (6.2) | 98 (67.5) | 47 (32.4) | ||||
| incomplete secondary | 79 (96.3) | 3 (3.6) | 78 (95.1) | 4 (4.8) | 63 (76.8) | 19 (23.1) | ||||
| complete primary | 106 (100) | 0 | 100 (94.3) | 6 (5.6) | 72 (67.9) | 34 (32) | ||||
| complete secondary | 50 (98.) | 1 (1.9) | 47 (92.1) | 4 (7.8) | 40 (78.4) | 11 (21.5) | ||||
| Household head education | none | 49 (96.1) | 2 (3.9) | 0.334* | 45 (88.2) | 6 (11.8) | 1.115 | 37 (72.5) | 14 (27.5) | 0.665 |
| primary | 270(97.5) | 7 (2.5) | 261(94.2) | 16 (5.8) | 192(69.3) | 85 (30.7) | ||||
| secondary | 110(91.1) | 1 (0.9) | 107(96.4) | 4 (3.6) | 82 (73.9) | 29 (26.1) | ||||
| Household size | small | 154 (97.5) | 4 (2.5) | 0.212 | 155 (98.1) | 3 (1.9) | 0.024 | 126 (79.7) | 32 (20.3) | 0.001 |
| medium | 214(98.6) | 3 (1.4) | 200(92.2) | 17 (7.8) | 149(68.7) | 68 (31.3) | ||||
| large | 61 (95.3) | 3 (4.7) | 58 (90.6) | 6 (9.4) | 36 (56.3) | 28 (43.8) | ||||
| Household dietary diversity score | low | 195(99.5) | 1 (0.5) | 0.039 | 188(95.9) | 8 (4.1) | 0.03 | 146(74.5) | 50 (25.5) | 0.32 |
| medium | 213(96.4) | 8 (3.6) | 207(93.7) | 14 (6.3) | 150(67.9) | 71 (32.1) | ||||
| high | 21 (95.5) | 1 (4.5) | 18 (81.8) | 4 (18.2) | 15 (68.2) | 7 (31.8) | ||||
| Food security | Food secure | 26 (92.9) | 2 (7.1) | 0.075 | 25 (89.3) | 3 (10.7) | 0.396 | 19 (67.9) | 9 (32.1) | 0.83 |
| Food insecure | 403(98.1) | 8 (1.9) | 388(94.4) | 23 (5.6) | 292 (71) | 119 (29) | ||||
| Hand washing | Poor | 86 (98.9) | 1 (1.1) | 0.098* | 83 (95.4) | 4 (4.6) | 0.806 | 64 (73.6) | 23 (26.4) | 0.673 |
| Fair | 196(96.1) | 8 (3.9) | 192(94.1) | 12 (5.9) | 146(71.6) | 58 (28.4) | ||||
| Good | 147(99.3) | 1 (0.7) | 138(93.2) | 10 (6.8) | 101(68.2) | 47 (31.2) | ||||
| Drinking water treatment | Inadequate | 110(98.2) | 2 (1.8) | 0.744 | 104(92.9) | 8 (7.1) | 0.643 | 76 (67.9) | 36 (32.1) | 0.47 |
| Adequate | 319(97.6) | 8 (2.4) | 309(94.5) | 18 (5.5) | 235(71.9) | 92 (28.1) | ||||
| Caregiver’s employment | Other | 2 (100) | 0 (0) | 0.145* | 2 (100) | 0 (0) | 0.545* | 1 (50) | 1 (50) | 0.05* |
| Unemployed | 25 (96.2) | 1 (3.8) | 25 (96.2) | 1 (3.8) | 17 (65.4) | 9 (34.6) | ||||
| Casual labor | 64 (97) | 2 (3) | 62 (93.9) | 4 (6.1) | 39 (59.1) | 27 (40.9) | ||||
| Farming | 326(98.2) | 6 (1.8) | 312 (94) | 20 (6) | 242(72.9) | 90 (27.1) | ||||
| Arts | 9 (100) | 0 (0) | 9 (100) | 0 (0) | 9 (100) | 0 (0) | ||||
| Salary/pension | 3 (75) | 1 (25) | 3 (75) | 1 (25) | 3 (75) | 1 (25) | ||||
| Wealth categories | First | 35 (97.2) | 1 (2.8) | 0.622* | 34 (94.4) | 2 (5.6) | 0.913* | 30 (83.3) | 6 (16.7) | 0.092 |
| Second | 211(97.2) | 6 (2.8) | 203(93.5) | 14 (6.5) | 148(68.2) | 69 (31.8) | ||||
| Third | 182(98.4) | 3 (1.6) | 175(94.6) | 10 (5.4) | 133(71.9) | 52 (28.1) | ||||
| Fourth | 1 (100) | 0 | 1 (100) | 0 | 0 | 1 (100) | ||||