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. 2024 Jul 31;44:36. doi: 10.1186/s41232-024-00347-0

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Characterization of synovial fibroblasts and macrophages in CIA synovium by single-cell analysis. A The arthritis score of CIA mice which were administered upadacitinib, a JAK inhibitor (JAKi) from 7 to 21 days after the 2nd immunization. B Main clusters of the sc-RNAseq data in the untreated, CIA and CIA + JAKi group (left), and the average expression of the representative markers of each cell type (right). C Sub-clusters of synovial fibroblasts (left), and the average expression of the representative markers (right). D Expression of Il6 and Tnfsf11 (top), RA, inflammatory and destructive scores (middle and bottom) in synovial fibroblast. E Sub-clusters of Itgam (CD11b)⁺ Adgre1 (F4/80)⁻ circulating monocytes Myel_a (left panel), and the average expression of markers (right panel). F Sub-clusters of Itgam⁺Adgre1.⁺ macrophages Myel_b and _c (left) and the average expression of representative markers (right). G The expression level of Il17a, Tnf, Il1b, Il6, Osm, and Tnfsf11 genes in main-clusters under the untreated and CIA conditions. H The expression level of Il1b, Tnf, and Osm genes in all myeloid sub-clusters under untreated and CIA conditions. All data are expressed as the mean ± SD with n = 4–7, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, by unpaired Student's t-test (A)