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. 2024 Jul 31;44:36. doi: 10.1186/s41232-024-00347-0

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — The effect of OSM and the JAK inhibitor on inflammatory and tissue-destructive properties of synovial fibroblasts. A Il6 and Tnfsf11 (RANKL) mRNA expression in mouse CIA synovial fibroblasts stimulated with indicated cytokines in the presence and absence of the JAK inhibitor (n = 3 per each condition). B Principal Components Analysis (PCA) plot of bulk mRNA sequencing of synovial fibroblasts in the three groups: untreated, OSM, OSM + JAKi treatments. C Heatmap of all significant gene expression. The genes which are significantly upregulated by OSM and then downregulated by the addition of the JAK inhibitor are marked in red. D Heatmap of selected inflammatory and tissue-destructive gene expression across the 3 groups. E mRNA expression of Il6, Cxcl1, Cxcl5, Tnfsf11, Mmp3 and Mmp13 across the 3 groups by qPCR analysis. F Gene Ontology (GO) Term Enrichment analysis using genes that were significant upregulated in OSM and downregulated by the addition of the JAK inhibitor (JAKi). Top 10 GO Terms are shown. G The JAK inhibitor inhibited osteoclastogenesis induced by CIA synovial fibroblasts under OSM stimulation. All data are expressed as the mean ± S.D. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 by 1-way ANOVA with the Holm-Sidak multiple-comparison test (A, E and G), significant vs. all other groups (A and G)