Fig 3. Tuft cell hyperplasia in response to H. diminuta infection depends on IL-4Rα signalling and adaptive immunity.

Male Il-4rα^-/- (A, B) and Rag-1^-/- mice (with and without anti-CD90.2 antibody treatment) (C-G) were infected with 5 cysticercoids of H. diminuta and assessed at 11 days post-infection (dpi). For ILC2 depletion, Rag-1^-/- mice were treated with 1800 μg anti-CD90.2 antibody as shown in (E). (A, C, F) Small intestines were flushed with ice cold PBS at necropsy to retrieve and enumerate worms (B, D, G) Mid-jejunal and (B) ileal cryosections were immunostained with anti-DCLK1 antibody and counterstained with DAPI. DCLK1⁺ cells were enumerated per villus crypt unit (VCU). Data are mean ± SEM values, n = 3-9/group, pooled from 2–3 experiments, * p<0.05 compared to control (Con) mice and analysed by (B) Welch’s unpaired t test or (D, G) Browns Forsythe and Welch’s ANOVA test and Dunnet’s post-test for multiple comparisons.