Comparison 3. Abdominal wall lift (AWL) versus pneumoperitoneum (PP) ‐ subgroup analyses.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Serious adverse events	5		Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.1 AWL with pneumoperitoneum	2		Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI)	1.0 [0.17, 5.77]
1.2 AWL without pneumoperitoneum	3		Rate Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI)	1.73 [0.35, 8.61]
2 Conversion to open cholecystectomy	13	518	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.76 [0.26, 2.21]
2.1 AWL with pneumoperitoneum	2	58	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2.2 AWL without pneumoperitoneum	11	460	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.76 [0.26, 2.21]
3 Operating time	20	756	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	9.20 [4.40, 14.00]
3.1 AWL with pneumoperitoneum	4	107	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	13.39 [‐2.73, 29.51]
3.2 AWL without pneumoperitoneum	16	649	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	8.53 [3.48, 13.58]