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. 2024 Jul 31;15:6439. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-50800-4

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Rate of soil heterotrophic respiration (R_h) during growing season in 2020. b Proportion of mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) to total soil organic carbon in topsoil. Dots on the left of the violin represent the corresponding data from control (blue) or warming (yellow) condition. White circle within the violin shows the mean value, and the error bar denotes SD (n = 10, independent samples). Paired samples t-tests (two-sided) were used to compare means of R_h and MAOC between the warming and control treatments. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.