Table 3. Areas for further research.

Area	Focus	Rationale
1. Diversity and Inclusivity in Research	Investigating the health needs and outcomes of diverse populations, including racial and ethnic minorities, marginalized older adults, and individuals from varying socioeconomic backgrounds.	Many existing studies predominantly focus on Caucasian older adults, limiting the generalizability of findings to other demographic groups. Future research can identify unique health challenges and solutions pertinent to diverse populations by including a broader spectrum of participants.
2. Mental Health Interventions	Developing and evaluating mental health interventions tailored for older adults, addressing conditions such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline.	While physical health is often the focus of public health interventions, mental health is equally crucial for the overall well-being of older adults. Integrating mental health care into public health programs can improve holistic health outcomes.
3. Longitudinal Studies	Conducting longitudinal research to assess the long-term effects and sustainability of public health interventions for older adults.	Cross-sectional studies provide only a snapshot of health outcomes at a specific time. Longitudinal studies can offer insights into the enduring impact of interventions, changes in health status, and the evolving needs of older adults.
4. Economic Barriers and Policy Solutions	Investigating the economic barriers that older adults face in accessing healthcare services and exploring policy solutions to mitigate these challenges.	Financial constraints can prevent older adults from utilizing necessary healthcare services. Understanding these barriers and developing supportive policies can improve access to care and health outcomes.
5. Integrated Care Models	Developing and evaluating integrated care models that coordinate services across healthcare providers, social services, and community resources.	Fragmented care systems often hinder effective chronic disease management and preventive care for older adults. Integrated care models can enhance care continuity and address medical and social needs.
6. Technological Innovations	Assessing the long-term effectiveness and scalability of technological innovations in public health interventions for older adults.	While technology has great potential to enhance healthcare delivery, its long-term impact and feasibility must be thoroughly evaluated. Ensuring that older adults can effectively use and benefit from these technologies is crucial.
7. Cultural Competence in Intervention Design	Developing and evaluating culturally competent public health interventions tailored to the diverse backgrounds of older adults.	Cultural competence involves understanding and respecting cultural differences and incorporating this knowledge into intervention design. Tailored interventions can improve acceptance and effectiveness.
8. Social Determinants of Health	Exploring the impact of social determinants such as housing, education, income, and social support on the health of older adults and developing interventions that address these factors.	Social determinants play a crucial role in health outcomes. Interventions that address these broader factors can promote health equity and improve well-being.
9. Interdisciplinary Collaboration	Promoting interdisciplinary research and practice that involves collaboration across various fields such as medicine, public health, social work, and technology.	Effective public health interventions for older adults require a multidisciplinary approach. Collaborating across disciplines can lead to more comprehensive and holistic care strategies.
10. Implementation Science	Studying the real-world implementation of public health interventions, identifying barriers and facilitators to implementation, and developing strategies to enhance scalability and sustainability.	Moving from theory to practice involves numerous challenges. Understanding these challenges through implementation science can improve the uptake and effectiveness of interventions.