Table 3.
Clinical characteristics of the patients with Parkinson’s disease grouped by A/T/N profiles
| PD | p value | PD | p value | PD | p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A− | A+ | T− | T+ | N− | N+ | ||||
| Number (M:F) | 57 (31:26) | 27 (13:14) | 0.645a | 41 (22:19) | 43 (22:21) | 0.831a | 33 (17:16) | 51 (27:24) | 1.000a |
| Age, years | 66.0 (9.2) | 74.7 (6.6) | <0.001b | 66.0 (9.0) | 71.5 (9.1) | 0.006b | 63.2 (9.1) | 72.5 (7.6) | <0.001b |
| Education, years | 13.8 (2.6) | 12.2 (3.6) | 0.021b | 13.5 (2.8) | 13.0 (3.3) | 0.444b | 13.7 (2.4) | 13.0 (3.4) | 0.315b |
| DaT abnormal, % | 33/33 (100) | 10/10 (100) | 24/24 (100) | 19/19 (100) | 18/18 (100) | 25/25 (100) | |||
| MIBG abnormal, % | 28/34 (82.4) | 13/14 (92.9) | 20/23 (87.0) | 21/25 (84.0) | 17/21 (81.0) | 24/27 (88.9) | |||
| DaT and/or MIBG abnormal, % | 43/43 (100) | 19/19 (100) | 32/32 (100) | 30/30 (100) | 27/27 (100) | 35/35 (100) | |||
| Disease duration, years | 5.5 (4.1) | 6.7 (6.4) | 0.166c | 5.3 (4.3) | 6.5 (5.5) | 0.170c | 5.1 (3.6) | 6.4 (5.6) | 0.094c |
| MoCA-J | 25.6 (3.1) | 22.2 (4.7) | 0.032c | 25.7 (3.3) | 23.4 (4.3) | 0.109c | 26.8 (2.4) | 23.0 (4.1) | 0.006c |
| Stroop test part 2 - part 1, sec | 17.0 (13.4)d | 32.4 (55.7)d | 0.140c | 14.4 (10.5)d | 28.4 (45.2)d | 0.129c | 11.7 (8.4) | 28.3 (41.9)e | 0.079c |
| Line orientation test | 16.0 (3.2) | 15.3 (2.2) | 0.863c | 16.0 (3.4) | 15.6 (2.5) | 0.903c | 16.6 (2.6) | 15.3 (3.1) | 0.349c |
| Hoehn and Yahr | 2.0 (0.9) | 2.5 (0.9) | 0.075c | 1.9 (0.8) | 2.4 (1.0) | 0.018c | 1.8 (0.8) | 2.4 (0.9) | 0.013c |
| LEDD | 409.6 (427.1) | 389.1 (297.0) | 0.496c | 337.9 (306.2) | 465.2 (447.9) | 0.028c | 312.5 (281.1) | 461.6 (436.9) | 0.002c |
| MDS-UPDRS III | 23.7 (10.7) | 27.7 (8.8) | 0.259c | 21.7 (8.9) | 28.2 (10.6) | 0.009c | 20.0 (8.6) | 28.3 (10.0) | <0.001c |
| Rigidity | 3.6 (2.7) | 3.5 (3.8) | 0.332c | 3.3 (2.6) | 3.8 (3.5) | 0.715c | 3.1 (2.5) | 3.9 (3.4) | 0.681c |
| Tremor | 3.2 (3.4) | 5.0 (5.3) | 0.151c | 3.5 (4.0) | 4.0 (4.4) | 0.813c | 3.3 (4.0) | 4.0 (4.3) | 0.988c |
| Bradykinesia | 12.4 (5.9) | 12.8 (4.8) | 0.501c | 11.2 (5.2) | 13.8 (5.7) | 0.014c | 10.5 (4.7) | 13.8 (5.7) | <0.001c |
| Axial signs | 4.5 (3.9) | 6.5 (3.3) | 0.196c | 3.7 (3.0) | 6.5 (4.0) | 0.004c | 3.0 (2.7) | 6.6 (3.7) | <0.001c |
| SCOPA-AUT | 11.8 (7.7) | 11.0 (9.7) | 0.961c | 9.3 (6.6) | 13.7 (9.3) | 0.004c | 9.2 (5.4) | 13.1 (9.6) | 0.003c |
| SAOQ, % | 68.0 (37.1) | 67.7 (35.9) | 0.902c | 68.0 (38.5) | 67.8 (35.0) | 0.911c | 66.1 (37.6) | 69.1 (36.1) | 0.426c |
| RBDSQ | 4.0 (2.7) | 3.9 (3.0) | 0.634c | 3.9 (2.7) | 4.1 (2.9) | 0.908c | 3.6 (2.1) | 4.2 (3.1) | 0.598c |
| BDI-II | 9.7 (5.8) | 10.0 (7.5) | 0.555c | 7.9 (5.1) | 11.5 (7.0) | 0.002c | 8.4 (5.5) | 10.7 (6.8) | 0.008c |
| ESS | 8.4 (4.5) | 6.9 (5.5) | 0.915c | 7.9 (4.5) | 7.86 (5.24) | 0.441c | 8.6 (4.3) | 7.5 (5.2) | 0.811c |
| PDQ-39 summary index | 19.7 (15.6) | 18.7 (15.6) | 0.900c | 15.3 (14.2) | 23.3 (15.9) | 0.005c | 14.5 (10.2) | 22.5 (17.6) | 0.001c |
| QUIP | 0.4 (0.8) | 0.5 (1.1) | 0.069c | 0.2 (0.6) | 0.6 (1.1) | 0.005c | 0.2 (0.6) | 0.5 (1.0) | 0.004c |
| Aβ composite | −0.53 (0.56) | 1.14 (0.61) | <0.001c | −0.57 (0.65) | 0.56 (0.90) | <0.001c | −0.55 (0.65) | 0.37 (0.98) | 0.002c |
| log10 (p-Tau181) | 0.33 (0.29) | 0.54 (0.24) | 0.026c | 0.16 (0.15) | 0.62 (0.22) | <0.001c | 0.22 (0.33) | 0.51 (0.20) | <0.001c |
| log10 (NfL) | 1.67 (0.26) | 1.81 (0.14) | 0.748c | 1.60 (0.23) | 1.83 (0.19) | <0.001c | 1.48 (0.14) | 1.87 (0.15) | <0.001c |
| aSyn, pg/ml | 11665.2 (8920.0) | 9942.2 (8392.1) | 0.625c | 12083.8 (10187.0) | 10184.2 (7134.9) | 0.858c | 11603.1 (8905.1) | 10793.2 (8706.8) | 0.301c |
| aSyn/Hb ratio | 841.7 (640.60) | 725.2 (570.7) | 0.824c | 844.5 (704.7) | 765.9 (527.9) | 0.935c | 793.4 (577.3) | 811.3 (648.5) | 0.182c |
Data represent the mean (standard deviation) or value (%).
PD Parkinson’s disease, DaT dopamine transporter, MIBG metaiodobenzylguanidine, MoCA-J the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, LEDD Levodopa equivalent daily dose, MDS-UPDRS Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, SCOPA-AUT the Japanese version of the Scale for Outcomes in Parkinson’s disease for Autonomic Symptoms, SAOQ Self-administered Odor Question, RBDSQ RBD screening scale, BDI-II Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition, ESS Epworth Sleepiness Scale, PDQ-39 Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39, QUIP Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson’s disease, Aβ amyloid-beta, p-tau181 phosphorylated tau 181, NfL neurofilament light chain, aSyn alpha-synuclein.
A− Aβ composite < 0.376, A+ Aβ composite ≥ 0.376, T− log10 (p-tau181) < 0.374, T+ log10 (p-tau181) ≥ 0.374, N− log10 (NfL) < 1.65, N+, log10 (NfL) ≥ 1.65.
ap values determined by Fisher’s exact test.
bp values determined by Student’s t test.
cp values determined by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for age and sex.
dOne patient with PD could not complete the Stroop test.
eTwo patients with PD could not complete the Stroop test.