Table 4.
Clinical characteristics of the high-risk subjects grouped by A/T/N profiles
| High-risk | p value | High-risk | p value | High-risk | p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A− | A+ | T− | T+ | N− | N+ | ||||
| Number (M:F) | 71 (44:27) | 11 (9:2) | 0.313a | 73 (47:26) | 9 (6:3) | 1.000a | 36 (22:14) | 46 (31:15) | 0.644a |
| Age, years | 64.3 (7.3) | 68.5 (8.9) | 0.090b | 64.1 (7.3) | 71.3 (7.1) | 0.006b | 61.3 (7.2) | 67.7 (6.7) | <0.001b |
| Education, years | 13.4 (2.1) | 14.5 (2.5) | 0.116b | 13.6 (2.0) | 13.1 (2.9) | 0.553b | 13.2 (1.7) | 13.7 (2.4) | 0.279b |
| DaT SBR average | 6.50 (1.39) | 6.37 (2.12) | 0.854c | 6.48 (1.22) | 6.56 (3.06) | 0.547c | 6.58 (1.25) | 6.41 (1.67) | 0.876c |
| DaT Asymmetry Index | 5.12 (3.60) | 6.31 (7.32) | 0.496c | 5.45 (4.36) | 3.88 (2.87) | 0.185c | 5.18 (3.46) | 5.37 (4.80) | 0.889c |
| DaT abnormal, % | 16/71 (22.5) | 5/11 (45.5) | 0.139a | 17/73 (23.3) | 4/9 (44.4) | 0.224a | 9/36 (25.0) | 12/46 (26.1) | 1.000a |
| MIBG early | 2.95 (0.63) | 2.79 (0.54) | 0.685c | 2.92 (0.59) | 3.04 (0.84) | 0.318c | 2.99 (0.58) | 2.89 (0.65) | 0.867c |
| MIBG delay | 3.16 (0.91) | 2.94 (0.78) | 0.880c | 3.14 (0.87) | 3.02 (1.08) | 0.721c | 3.32 (0.78) | 2.97 (0.95) | 0.402c |
| MIBG washout ratio, % | 22.59 (19.52) | 21.47 (19.55) | 0.291c | 21.34 (18.93) | 31.31 (22.13) | 0.658c | 16.74 (14.17) | 26.90 (21.81) | 0.322c |
| MIBG abnormal, % | 13/71 (18.3) | 2/11 (18.2) | 1.000a | 13/73 (17.8) | 2/9 (22.2) | 0.666a | 2/36 (5.6) | 13/46 (28.3) | 0.018a |
| DaT and/or MIBG abnormal, % | 25/71 (35.2) | 5/11 (45.5) | 0.520a | 26/73 (35.6) | 4 /9 (44.4) | 0.718a | 10/36 (27.8) | 20/46 (43.5) | 0.170a |
| MoCA-J | 26.6 (3.1) | 27.4 (1.4) | 0.076c | 26.8 (2.9) | 25.6 (2.9) | 0.929c | 26.9 (2.2) | 26.4 (3.4) | 0.350c |
| Stroop test part 2 - part 1, sec | 12.2 (8.6) | 17.3 (8.0) | 0.554c | 12.4 (8.7) | 15.4 (7.6) | 0.928c | 10.5 (6.7) | 14.5 (9.5) | 0.546c |
| Line orientation test | 17.0 (3.1) | 17.2 (1.7) | 0.494c | 17.1 (2.8) | 16.2 (3.4) | 0.929c | 17.5 (2.7) | 16.6 (3.0) | 0.917c |
| MDS-UPDRS III | 4.4 (4.4) | 4.6 (2.1) | 0.373c | 4.0 (3.8) | 7.6 (5.4) | 0.200c | 3.3 (3.0) | 5.3 (4.7) | 0.744c |
| Rigidity | 0.4 (0.8) | 0.4 (0.5) | 0.298c | 0.3 (0.7) | 1.1 (0.9) | 0.012c | 0.3 (0.5) | 0.5 (0.8) | 0.726c |
| Tremor | 0.4 (1.0) | 0.7 (0.8) | 0.586c | 0.5 (1.0) | 0.4 (0.7) | 0.466c | 0.3 (0.6) | 0.6 (1.1) | 0.743c |
| Bradykinesia | 2.4 (2.5) | 1.9 (1.5) | 0.163c | 2.2 (2.3) | 3.6 (3.2) | 0.549c | 1.9 (2.1) | 2.7 (2.6) | 0.966c |
| Axial signs | 1.2 (1.5) | 1.6 (1.0) | 0.940c | 1.1 (1.2) | 2.4 (2.7) | 0.077c | 0.9 (1.0) | 1.5 (1.6) | 0.668c |
| OSIT-J | 8.8 (2.9) | 8.7 (1.4) | 0.489c | 9.0 (2.6) | 7.2 (3.4) | 0.261c | 8.9 (3.1) | 8.7 (2.4) | 0.333c |
| CVRR rest, % | 3.20 (1.71) | 3.14 (1.46) | 0.871c | 3.1 (1.5) | 3.7 (2.7) | 0.135c | 3.2 (1.5) | 3.2 (1.8) | 0.596c |
| SCOPA-AUT | 9.8 (4.8) | 13.0 (5.7) | 0.060c | 10.0 (5.1) | 12.2 (4.2) | 0.174c | 9.3 (4.7) | 10.9 (5.3) | 0.117c |
| SAOQ, % | 81.8 (27.1) | 92.8 (12.9) | 0.086c | 84.8 (24.5) | 70.9 (34.4) | 0.214c | 84.0 (25.7) | 82.7 (26.2) | 0.756c |
| RBDSQ | 4.6 (2.9) | 4.6 (2.5) | 0.980c | 4.4 (2.8) | 6.4 (2.4) | 0.022c | 5.2 (2.9) | 4.1 (2.7) | 0.055c |
| BDI-II | 10.9 (7.2) | 11.2 (5.1) | 0.646c | 11.0 (7.1) | 11.00 (5.7) | 0.771c | 12.3 (7.1) | 9.9 (6.6) | 0.224c |
| ESS | 9.3 (5.1) | 8.8 (4.1) | 0.986c | 9.2 (4.8) | 9.8 (6.1) | 0.233c | 10.7 (4.9) | 8.1 (4.6) | 0.124c |
| PDQ-39 summary index | 11.7 (9.3) | 9.1 (4.7) | 0.591c | 11.3 (9.1) | 12.4 (6.8) | 0.348c | 13.5 (11.4) | 9.7 (5.8) | 0.206c |
| QUIP | 0.8 (1.4) | 1.0 (1.6) | 0.679c | 0.7 (1.1) | 1.9 (2.7) | 0.006c | 1.1 (1.7) | 0.6 (1.1) | 0.155c |
| Aβ composite | -0.38 (0.41) | 0.78 (0.30) | <0.001c | −0.24 (0.57) | −0.08 (0.44) | 0.507c | −0.19 (0.56) | −0.25 (0.57) | 0.467c |
| log10 (p-Tau181) | 0.20 (0.14) | 0.18 (0.17) | 0.239c | 0.16 (0.11) | 0.48 (0.07) | <0.001c | 0.15 (0.12) | 0.22 (0.16) | 0.489c |
| log10 (NfL) | 1.65 (0.16) | 1.67 (0.14) | 0.440c | 1.64 (0.15) | 1.77 (0.19) | 0.238c | 1.51 (0.09) | 1.76 (0.11) | <0.001c |
| aSyn, pg/ml | 17613.0 (9048.4) | 20828.5 (9169.9) | 0.355c | 18205.8 (9524.1) | 16734.9 (3907.3) | 0.684c | 18774.6 (9038.5) | 17472.9 (9161.5) | 0.489c |
| aSyn/Hb ratio | 1213.1 (613.1) | 1412.8 (561.8) | 0.373c | 1244.5 (634.1) | 1202.3 (333.5) | 0.832c | 1279.8 (596.9) | 1208.7 (619.6) | 0.526c |
Data represent the mean (standard deviation) or value (%).
DaT dopamine transporter, MIBG metaiodobenzylguanidine, MoCA-J the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MDS-UPDRS Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, OSIT-J the odor stick identification test for Japanese, CVRR coefficient of variation of RR intervals, SCOPA-AUT the Japanese version of the Scale for Outcomes in Parkinson’s disease for Autonomic Symptoms, SAOQ Self-administered Odor Question, RBDSQ RBD screening scale, BDI-II Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition, ESS Epworth Sleepiness Scale, PDQ-39 Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39, QUIP Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson’s disease, Aβ amyloid-beta, p-tau181 phosphorylated tau 181, NfL neurofilament light chain, aSyn alpha-synuclein.
A− Aβ composite < 0.376, A+ Aβ composite ≥ 0.376, T− log10 (p-tau181) <0.374, T+ log10 (p-tau181) ≥0.374, N− log10 (NfL) <1.65, N+ log10 (NfL) ≥1.65.
ap values determined by Fisher’s exact test.
bp values determined by Student’s t test.
cp values determined by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for age and sex.