Table 2.

Image and variety used in the experiments

Acquisition date	Varieties number	Imaging environment	Images number	Application
October 2022	2,840	Indoor	4,000	Training the grain counting model
			1,149	Testing the effect of the grain counting model
			359	Verification of the extraction effect of grain length and width
			46	Validating the effect of panicle length extraction
September 2023	420	Indoor	1,680	GWAS analysis
October 2023	45	Indoor	45	Effectiveness of validation methods in different years
		Outdoor	45	Validation of the adaptability of the method in the field