Preoperative characteristics |
Age (per 10-y increase) |
1.09 |
(1.04–1.15) |
0.0003 |
Male |
1.19 |
(1.10–1.28) |
<0.0001 |
Race (reference: white) |
Black |
1.03 |
(0.91–1.18) |
0.6 |
Asian |
0.65 |
(0.49–0.85) |
0.002 |
Hispanic |
1.03 |
(0.77–1.38) |
0.9 |
Other |
1.02 |
(0.76–1.38) |
0.9 |
Insurance status (reference: medicare/other) |
Medicaid |
1.22 |
(1.02–1.45) |
0.03 |
None/self-pay |
1.03 |
(0.76–1.40) |
0.9 |
Clinical stage (reference: Stage I) |
Stage II |
1.17 |
(1.06–1.30) |
0.002 |
Stage III |
1.08 |
(0.93–1.26) |
0.3 |
Stage IV |
1.28 |
(0.95–1.71) |
0.1 |
BMI |
0.99 |
(0.98–0.99) |
0.0002 |
FEV1% ≤80% predicted |
0.90 |
(0.86–0.94) |
<0.0001 |
FEV1% >80% predicted |
0.98 |
(0.95–1.01) |
0.2 |
Cigarette smoking (reference: never smoker) |
Former smoker |
1.09 |
(0.96–1.24) |
0.2 |
Current smoker |
1.20 |
(1.04–1.39) |
0.01 |
Interstitial fibrosis |
1.69 |
(1.31–2.19) |
<0.0001 |
Hypertension |
0.98 |
(0.90–1.07) |
0.7 |
Steroids |
1.42 |
(1.18–1.72) |
0.0002 |
Congestive heart failure |
1.03 |
(0.79–1.32) |
0.8 |
Coronary artery disease |
1.15 |
(1.04–1.27) |
0.009 |
Peripheral vascular disease |
1.20 |
(1.06–1.37) |
0.004 |
Cerebrovascular disease |
Transient ischemic attack |
1.12 |
(0.94–1.33) |
0.2 |
Cerebrovascular accident |
1.36 |
(1.13–1.63) |
0.001 |
Diabetes |
1.09 |
(0.99–1.19) |
0.07 |
Induction chemotherapy alone |
0.84 |
(0.64–1.10) |
0.2 |
Induction chemoradiation therapy |
1.32 |
(0.97–1.81) |
0.08 |
Creatinine ≥2 |
1.10 |
(0.80–1.50) |
0.6 |
Preoperative dialysis |
1.26 |
(0.74–2.13) |
0.4 |
Zubrod score (reference: 0) |
1 |
1.16 |
(1.06–1.27) |
0.001 |
2 or 3 |
1.35 |
(1.12–1.62) |
0.001 |
ASA class (reference: I or II) |
III |
1.23 |
(1.07–1.40) |
0.003 |