TABLE 4.
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model: Preoperative, Intraoperative, and Postoperative Characteristics c statistic: 0.736
| Patient Characteristics | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | P |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Preoperative characteristics | |||
| Age (per 10-y increase) | 1.06 | (1.00–1.12) | 0.03 |
| Male | 1.07 | (0.98–1.16) | 0.1 |
| Race (reference: white) | |||
| Black | 1.08 | (0.94–1.25) | 0.3 |
| Asian | 0.68 | (0.51–0.91) | 0.009 |
| Hispanic | 1.04 | (0.75–1.44) | 0.8 |
| Other | 1.05 | (0.77–1.42) | 0.8 |
| Insurance status (reference: medicare/other) | |||
| Medicaid | 1.20 | (0.99–1.45) | 0.07 |
| None/self-pay | 1.05 | (0.72–1.53) | 0.8 |
| Clinical Stage (reference: Stage I) | |||
| Stage II | 1.14 | (1.02–1.28) | 0.02 |
| Stage III | 1.02 | (0.87–1.19) | 0.8 |
| Stage IV | 1.33 | (0.96–1.84) | 0.09 |
| BMI | 1.00 | (0.99–1.00) | 0.2 |
| FEV1% <80% predicted | 0.95 | (0.90–0.99) | 0.03 |
| FEV1% >80% predicted | 0.99 | (0.96–1.03) | 0.7 |
| Cigarette smoking (reference: Never smoker) | |||
| Former smoker | 1.06 | (0.93–1.22) | 0.4 |
| Current smoker | 1.09 | (0.93–1.28) | 0.3 |
| Interstitial fibrosis | 1.48 | (1.11–1.97) | 0.007 |
| Hypertension | 0.99 | (0.90–1.09) | 0.8 |
| Steroids | 1.41 | (1.15–1.72) | 0.0009 |
| Congestive heart failure | 1.01 | (0.75–1.35) | 0.9 |
| Coronary artery disease | 1.14 | (1.02–1.27) | 0.02 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1.10 | (0.96–1.27) | 0.2 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | |||
| Transient ischemic attack | 1.10 | (0.91–1.33) | 0.3 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 1.38 | (1.15–1.66) | 0.0004 |
| Diabetes | 1.10 | (1.00–1.22) | 0.05 |
| Induction chemotherapy alone | 0.79 | (0.60–1.04) | 0.09 |
| Induction chemoradiation therapy | 1.34 | (0.95–1.87) | 0.09 |
| Creatinine ≥2 | 1.01 | (0.71–1.43) | 0.9 |
| Preoperative dialysis | 1.47 | (0.87–2.50) | 0.2 |
| Zubrod score (reference: 0) | |||
| 1 | 1.12 | (1.02–1.23) | 0.01 |
| 2 or 3 | 1.30 | (1.05–1.61) | 0.01 |
| ASA Class (reference: I or II) | |||
| III | 1.18 | (1.04–1.35) | 0.01 |
| Intraoperative characteristics | |||
| Open (reference: minimally invasive) | 1.08 | (0.98–1.20) | 0.1 |
| Reoperation | 0.95 | (0.81–1.11) | 0.5 |
| Lobe (reference: upper lobe) | |||
| Middle lobe | 0.86 | (0.73–1.02) | 0.09 |
| Lower lobe | 1.18 | (1.07–1.30) | 0.0008 |
| Unspecified* | 1.14 | (0.81–1.63) | 0.5 |
| Intraoperative PRBCs | 1.09 | (0.81–1.45) | 0.6 |
| IV antibiotics given within 1 h of incision | 0.75 | (0.55–1.03) | 0.07 |
| DVT prophylaxis | 1.02 | (0.53–1.96) | 0.9 |
| Cephalosporin antibiotic ordered | 1.04 | (0.71–1.52) | 0.8 |
| Postoperative characteristics | |||
| Unexpected reoperation | 1.35 | (1.04–1.76) | 0.02 |
| Prolonged air leak | 1.63 | (1.45–1.84) | <0.0001 |
| Pneumonia | 3.13 | (2.43–4.05) | <0.0001 |
| Bronchopleural fistula | 1.55 | (0.80–3.01) | 0.2 |
| Atelectasis requiring bronchoscopy | 0.63 | (0.49–0.80) | 0.0002 |
| Pulmonary embolus | 12.34 | (7.94–19.18) | <0.0001 |
| Pleural effusion requiring drainage | 7.52 | (6.01–9.41) | <0.0001 |
| Pneumothorax requiring chest tube | 5.08 | (4.16–6.20) | <0.0001 |
| Atrial arrhythmia requiring treatment | 1.21 | (1.07–1.38) | 0.003 |
| Myocardial infarction | 3.16 | (1.71–5.82) | 0.0002 |
| Deep venous thrombosis | 1.77 | (1.00–3.13) | 0.05 |
| Urinary complication | 1.21 | (1.04–1.40) | 0.01 |
| Empyema | 11.66 | (7.31–18.63) | <0.0001 |
| Sepsis | 1.68 | (0.93–3.04) | 0.09 |
| Central neurologic event | 3.67 | (2.23 –6.04) | <0.0001 |
| Delirium | 1.00 | (0.77–1.31) | 0.9 |
| Renal failure | 1.08 | (0.61–1.89) | 0.8 |
| Chylothorax requiring treatment | 1.52 | (0.90–2.59) | 0.1 |
| Postoperative PRBC transfusion | 1.06 | (0.82–1.36) | 0.7 |
| Unexpected Admission to ICU | 0.83 | (0.63–1.09) | 0.2 |
| Discharge to location other than home | 0.98 | (0.82–1.16) | 0.8 |
ICU indicates intensive care unit; IV, intravenous; PRBC, packed red blood cells.
*
Missing data for n = 574 patients (1.4%).