Figure 4.
Examples of convergent cellular and molecular neuropsychiatric condition phenotypes revealed by studies using human iPSC-derived brain organoids: E/I imbalance, altered cell proliferation, and phenotypes that affect specific neuron classes. Future organoid studies can combine the study of genetic background, sex chromosome complement, and exogeneous steroid hormone application. E/I, excitation/inhibition; iPSC, induced pluripotent stem cell.