Table 2. The difference in mean scores of outcome variables (N=846).

	Loneliness and distress about it
	Non-loneliness (n=498)		Loneliness without distress (n=116)		Loneliness with distress (n=152)		Group difference
							Crude		Adjusted by age and sex
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	F value	p-value	F value	p-value
Psychological distress	3.76	4.86	7.61	5.91	9.22	6.38	79.68	<0.001*	75.43	<0.001*
Work engagement	2.40	1.30	1.65	1.23	1.68	1.20	31.99	<0.001*	34.13	<0.001*
Job performance	6.64	1.77	5.81	1.75	5.14	2.23	45.41	<0.001*	41.35	<0.001*
Counterproductive behavior	3.02	5.09	3.20	4.78	4.20	5.39	3.49	0.031*	2.84	0.059
	Social isolation at work
	Non-isolation (n=557)		Solitude (n=130)		Unchosen isolation (n=79)		Group difference
							Crude		Adjusted by age and sex
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	F value	p-value	F value	p-value
Psychological distress	3.93	4.96	9.50	6.00	9.31	6.32	90.64	<0.001*	91.53	<0.001*
Work engagement	2.38	1.29	1.59	1.15	1.40	1.16	40.24	<0.001*	40.54	<0.001*
Job performance	6.58	1.82	5.43	1.94	4.98	2.11	43.62	<0.001*	43.14	<0.001*
Counterproductive behavior	2.96	4.93	4.61	5.58	3.38	5.30	6.19	0.002*	5.49	0.004*

*p<0.05.

SD: standard deviation.