Figure 13.

AS1517499 attenuated maturation of transdifferentiating cells into SPEM mucinous cells. (A) Time-course diagram of treatment of normal gastroids with rIL-13 and/or AS1517499 for immunoblotting experiments. (B) Immunoblotting shows down-regulation of phosphorylated STAT6 in normal gastroids treated with both rIL-13 and AS1517499. The phosphorylation decrease was evident beginning at 1 hour of AS1517499 addition. Quantitation showed that this decrease occurred in a time-dependent manner. Mean ± SD (N = 2 independent experiments). (C) Immunofluorescence staining of normal gastroids cross sections treated with rIL-13 and/or AS1517499 for SPEM-related markers, MUC6 and AQP5. Quantitation of MUC6 and AQP5 double positive cells demonstrated significant decrease in proportion of mature SPEM cells as seen by reduction of MUC6 in the gastroids exposed to the STAT6 inhibitor. Scale bar: 100 μm and 50 μm for enlarged. Mean ± SD (N = 4 independent experiments). ∗P < .05, ∗∗P < .01, ∗∗∗P < .001.