Table 1.

Summary of mitochondria-related ncRNAs and their role in mitochondrial physiology

ncRNA	Origin	Regulatory role in mitochondria	Reference
miR-30	nDNA	inhibits mitochondrial fission by suppressing p53 expression and its downstream target dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1)	Li et al.21
miR-140	nDNA	promotes mitochondrial fission by suppressing mitofusin 1 (Mfn1) expression	Li et al.22
miR-125b	nDNA	reduces mitochondrial respiration and promotes mitochondrial elongation by silencing BCL2-interacting killer (BIK) and mitochondrial fission process protein 1 (MTP18), respectively	Duroux-Richard et al.23
miR-181c	nDNA	mediates respiratory complex IV remodeling by regulating gene expression of mitochondrial cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (mt-COX1/2)	Das et al.24
miR-378	nDNA	downregulates the F0 component of ATP6	Jagannathan et al.5
miR-34a	nDNA	inhibits mitophagy by suppressing PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) expression	Tai et al.25
miR-27a and miR-27b	nDNA	inhibits mitophagy by silencing PINK1	Kim et al.26
miR-338	nDNA	decreases respiration of axonal mitochondria by targeting the 3′ UTR of cytochrome c oxidase IV (COXIV) and reducing its mRNA levels	Aschrafi et al.27
miR-15b	nDNA	prevents mitochondrial depolarization and mitochondrial ROS generation by silencing sirtuin 4 (SIRT4), and inducing its downstream targets cytochrome c, mitochondrial transcription factor 1 (TFAM), and nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1)	Lang et al.28
let-7a	nDNA	destabilizes the mRNA of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) and mediates metabolic reprogramming	Sharma et al.29
miR-1	nDNA	promotes the translation of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) and mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxido-reductase chain 1 (ND1) in differentiating myoblasts	Zhang et al.30
miR-21	nDNA	promotes the translation of cytochrome b (CYTB) in cardiomyocytes	Li et al.31
miR-5787	nDNA	promotes the translation of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 (COX3) and mediates metabolic reprogramming	Chen et al.32
miR-2392	nDNA	represses transcription of mtDNA and downregulates mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxido-reductase chains 2, 4, and 5 (ND2-5), CYTB, and COX1	Fan et al.33
lncND5, lncND6 and lncCyt b	mtDNA	stabilizes their complementary ND5, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 (ND6), and CYTB mRNAs, respectively, by forming RNA-RNA duplexes	Jusic et al.,4,11,34 Ren et al.,4,11,34 Rackham et al.4,11,34
LIPCAR	mtDNA	regulates atrial fibrosis via TGF-β/Smad pathway	Wang et al.35
Kcnq1ot1	nDNA	reduces miR-378a levels and rescues ATP6 expression	Durr et al.36
Cerox1	nDNA	binds to miR-488-3p and promotes the expression and activity of mitochondrial respiratory complex I	Sirey et al.37
circRNA SCAR	mtDNA	binds to mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit β (ATP5B) and inhibits mitochondrial ROS production	Zhao et al.38
mecciND1 and mecciND5	mtDNA	mediates mitochondrial entry of proteins	Liu et al.39
mcPGK1	mtDNA	interacts with translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 (TOMM40) and promotes mitochondrial import of phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) to mediate metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis	Chen et al.40
circPUM1	nDNA	binds to ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 2 (UQCRC2) and modulates mitochondrial respiratory complex III assembly	Gong et al.41

mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA; nDNA, nuclear DNA; LIPCAR, long intergenic noncoding RNA predicting cardiac remodeling; SCAR, steatohepatitis-associated circRNA ATP5B regulator.