TABLE 2.
Characteristics of Newborns in the American Academy of Pediatrics Perinatal COVID-19 Registry, United States, April 6, 2020 to March 19, 2021
| All Newborns (n = 7648) | PCR Positive (n = 144) | PCR Negative (n = 6342) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Birth wt, g, median (IQR) | 3210 (2830–3540) | 3040 (2518–3493) | 3200 (2820–3530) | .007 |
| Sex, n (%) | .797 | |||
| Female | 3678 (48.1) | 70 (48.3) | 3011 (47.5) | |
| Male | 3966 (51.9) | 74 (51.4) | 3327 (52.5) | |
| Unreported | 4 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 4 (0.1) | |
| Multiple gestation, n (%)a | 269/7632 (3.5) | 15/143 (10.5) | 229/6327 (3.6) | .008 |
| Small for gestational age, n (%)b | 748/7641 (9.8) | 14/144 (9.7) | 632/6337 (10.0) | .907 |
| Preterm, n (%) | <.001 | |||
| Born <37 wk’ | 1190 (15.6) | 43 (29.9) | 1026 (16.2) | |
| Born ≥37 wk’ gestation | 6458 (84.4) | 101 (70.1) | 5316 (83.8) | |
| Infants born ≥37 wk’ gestation (n = 6458) | ||||
| Apgar <7 at 5 min, n (%)c | 75/6406 (1.2) | 3/101 (3.0) | 62/5268 (1.2) | .125 |
| Delivery room resuscitation, n (%)d | 484/6458 (7.5) | 7/101 (6.9) | 427/5316 (8.0) | .469 |
| NICU admission, n (%)e | 901/6392 (14.1) | 24/100 (24.0) | 831/5264 (15.8) | .036 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%)f | 63/6394 (1.0) | 3/100 (3.0) | 55/5259 (1.0) | .083 |
| Infants born <37 wk’ gestation (n = 1190) | ||||
| Gestational age, weeks, n (%) | .254 | |||
| <28 | 42/1190 (3.5) | 3/43 (7.0) | 32/1026 (3.1) | |
| 28–31 | 149/1190 (12.5) | 4/43 (9.3) | 136/1026 (13.3) | |
| 32–33 | 163/1190 (13.7) | 10/43 (23.3) | 142/1026 (13.8) | |
| 34–36 | 836/1190 (70.3) | 26/43 (60.5) | 716/1026 (69.8) | |
| Apgar <7 at 5 min, n (%)g | 121/1190 (10.2) | 5/43 (11.6) | 104/1011 (10.3) | .782 |
| Delivery room resuscitation, n (%)d | 511/1190 (42.9) | 23/43 (53.5) | 458/1026 (44.6) | .274 |
| NICU admission, n (%)h | 699/1177 (59.4) | 32/41 (78.0) | 627/1016 (61.7) | .044 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%)i | 184/1182 (15.6) | 11/43 (25.6) | 162/1019 (15.9) | .103 |
| Newborn isolation procedures, n (%)j | .039 | |||
| None | 725 (9.5) | 10 (6.9) | 397 (6.3) | |
| Enhanced respiratory precautions | 2053 (26.8) | 44 (30.6) | 1731 (27.3) | |
| Airborne precautions | 2886 (37.7) | 45 (31.3) | 2492 (39.3) | |
| Negative pressure isolation | 1693 (22.1) | 41 (28.5) | 1488 (23.5) | |
| Other or not reported | 291 (3.8) | 4 (2.8) | 234 (3.7) | |
| Maternal-infant separation at birth, n (%)k | 2414/7610 (31.7) | 55/144 (38.2) | 2247/6316 (35.6) | .541 |
| Any breast milk feeding, n (%) | 5401 (70.6) | 105 (72.9) | 4352 (68.6) | .284 |
| Duration of hospitalization, days, median (IQR) | 2 (2–3) | 3 (2–8.5) | 3 (2–4) | .001 |
| Infant disposition, n (%) | .041 | |||
| Discharge home | 7541 (98.6) | 139 (96.5) | 6268 (98.8) | |
| Transferred | 78 (1.0) | 3 (2.1) | 59 (0.9) | |
| Died | 29 (0.4) | 2 (1.4) | 15 (0.2) | |
Table includes all live births that survived beyond delivery room and with available postnatal testing data. IQR, interquartile range (25th and 75th percentiles).
In 5 sets of twins, both twins tested positive. In 3 sets of twins, 1 twin tested positive and 1 tested negative. In 2 additional cases, 1 infant of a set of twins was positive, but no data were recorded for the other twin.
Data missing for 18 infants.
Data missing for 52 infants.
Delivery room resuscitation defined as requiring continuous positive airway pressure, positive pressure ventilation, or intubation.
Data missing for 66 infants.
Data missing for 64 infants. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support provided to 2 infants.
Data missing for 15 infants.
Data missing for 13 infants.
Data missing for 8 infants. No infants born <37 wk’ gestation were treated with ECMO.
Newborn isolation measures were defined by strictest level of precaution used: enhanced respiratory precautions defined as use of gown, gloves, surgical mask, and eye protection; airborne precautions defined by use of N95 mask or equivalent; negative pressure isolation defined as use of negative pressure room for newborn care.
Data missing for 38 infants.