Table 2.
Regression Standardized Cumulative Incidence and Differences for All-Cause Mortality, Heart Failure Hospitalization, and Endocarditis Among Patients With Low Surgical Risk Who Underwent Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Sweden
| 5 Years | 10 Years | 15 Years | 17 Years | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All-cause mortality | ||||
| Pacemaker | 12 (10-13) | 29 (26-31) | 47 (43-50) | 53 (49-57) |
| No pacemaker | 12 (11-12) | 29 (28-29) | 46 (45-48) | 53 (51-54) |
| Difference | 0 (−1.4 to 1.5) | 0.1 (−2.9 to 3.0) | 0.1 (−3.6 to 3.7) | 0.1 (−3.6 to 3.8) |
| Heart failure hospitalization | ||||
| Pacemaker | 7.5 (6.3-9.1) | 17 (14-20) | 25 (22-30) | 28 (24-33) |
| No pacemaker | 5.1 (4.7-5.4) | 12 (11-12) | 18 (17-19) | 20 (19-22) |
| Difference | 2.5 (1.1-3.9) | 5.3 (2.4-8.2) | 7.5 (3.4-12) | 8.2 (3.8-13) |
| Endocarditis | ||||
| Pacemaker | 3.3 (2.3-4.7) | 5.6 (3.9-7.9) | 7.6 (5.3-11) | 7.9 (5.5-11) |
| No pacemaker | 3.0 (2.8-3.3) | 5.2 (4.7-5.6) | 7.0 (6.3-7.8) | 7.3 (6.6-8.2) |
| Difference | 0.3 (−0.9 to 1.4) | 0.4 (−1.6 to 2.4) | 0.6 (−2.1 to 3.2) | 0.6 (−2.2 to 3.3) |
Values are % (95% CI). Adjusted by regression standardization. Model covariates included were postoperative permanent pacemaker implantation, age, sex, hospital, left ventricular ejection fraction, concomitant coronary artery bypass, ascending aortic surgery, birth region, education level, prior atrial fibrillation, history of cancer, diabetes mellitus, prior endocarditis, prior heart failure, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hepatic disease, prior peripheral vascular disease, prior stroke, prior major bleeding event, prior percutaneous coronary intervention, household income, categorical body mass index, period of surgery, categorical estimated glomerular filtration rate, categorical valve size, isolated AVR, and bioprothesis. A detailed description and precise model specification for the different outcomes is available in the Supplemental Appendix.