TABLE 4.
Basic characteristics of the included studies.
| Author year | Country | Sample size(n) Total/male/female |
Age (years) mean (SD) | BMI (kg/m2) mean (SD) | Intervention (Length of Intervention/Frequence/Duration) | Control | Outcome (overall state of health/Pain/Mental health/Sleep quality/Fatigue) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IG | CG | IG | CG | IG | CG | |||||
| Sencan, et al. (2004) | Turkey | 20/0/20 | 20/0/20 | 35.40 (9.62) | 35.55 (7.86) | 24.14 (3.73) | 24.60 (2.64) | Aerobic exercises 6 weeks/3 times a week/40 mins |
CON (TENS) Freq: 3 times a week Duration:6 weeks |
VAS/BDI |
| Glasgow, et al. (2017) | USA | 25/0/25 | 9/0/9 | 52 (13) | 49 (8) | 32.5 (4.4) | 30.9 (3.9) | Resistance exercise Length of Intervention: 8 weeks Freq: twice a week |
CON | FIQ/PCS |
| Larsson, et al. (2015) | Sweden | 67/0/67 | 63/0/63 | 50.81 (9.05) | 52.10 (9.78) | 27.39 (5.29) | 28.66 (5.32) | Resistance exercise 15 weeks/twice a week/60 mins (10 min warm up, 50 min standardized) |
CON (Relaxation therapy) | FIQ/SF-36/PDI/PGIC /VAS/CPAQ/MCS/FABQ |
| Assumpção, et al. (2018) | Brazil | 14/0/14 | 14/0/14 | 47.9 (5.3) | 46.9 (6.5) | 28.9 (4.2) | 29.4 (4.8) | Flexibility exercise Length of Intervention: 12 weeks Freq: twice a week |
CON (Usual medical treatment) | FIQ/SF-36/VAS |
| Assumpção, et al. (2018) | Brazil | 16/0/16 | 14/0/14 | 45.7 (7.7) | 46.9 (6.5) | 28.1 (4.7) | 29.4 (4.8) | Resistance exercise Length of Intervention: 12 weeks Freq: twice a week |
CON (Usual medical treatment) | FIQ/SF-36/VAS |
| Atan, et al. (2020) | Turkey | 19/0/19 | 17/0/17 | 46.57 (9.41) | 52.70 (8.96) | NR | NR | T(H): HIIT 6weeks/5times a week/40 mins |
CON (Usual medical treatment) | FIQ/SF-36/VAS |
| Atan, et al. (2020) | Turkey | 19/0/19 | 17/0/17 | 47.36 (8.01) | 52.70 (8.96) | NR | NR | T(M): MICT 6weeks/5times a week/40mins | CON (Usual medical treatment) | FIQ/SF-36/VAS |
| Estrada-Marcén, et al. (2023) | Spain | 29/0/29 | 27/0/27 | 46.9 (9.7) | 48.7 (7.8) | 26.71 (3.90) | 26.64 (4.15) | Aerobic exercises 16 weeks/3times a week/60 mins |
CON(TAU) | FIQ//EQ-5D |
| Häkkinen, et al. (2001) | Finland | 11/0/11 | 10/0/10 | 39 (6) | 37 (5) | NR | NR | Resistance exercise Length of Intervention: 21 weeks Freq: twice a week |
CON | HAQ/VAS/Depression index |
| Hernando-Garijo, et al. (2021) | Spain | 17/0/17 | 17/0/17 | 51.81 (9.05) | 55.06 (8.51) | 27.25 (7.30) | 25.93 (5.27) | Aerobic exercise 15 week/twice a week 50 mins |
CON | FIQ/VAS/PCS/HADS |
| Sañudo, et al. (2010) | Spain | 18/0/18 | 20/0/20 | 55.9 (1.6) | 56.6 (1.9) | 29.6 (1.1) | 29.7 (1.1) | T(A): Aerobic exercise Freq: twice a week Duration: 45–60 mins |
CON | FIQ/SF-36/BDI |
| Sañudo, et al. (2010) | Spain | 17/0/17 | 20/0/20 | 55.9 (1.7) | 56.6 (1.9) | 27.6 (1.1) | 29.7 (1.1) | T(C): Combined exercise Freq: twice a week Duration: 45–60 mins |
CON | FIQ/SF-36/BDI |
| Izquierdo-Alventosa, et al. (2020) | Spain | 16/0/16 | 16/0/16 | 53.06 (8.4) | 55.13 (7.35) | NR | NR | Aerobic and Low-intensity physical exercise program 8 weeks/twice a week/60 mins |
CON | FIQ/CPAQ-FM/PCS/HADS/BDI-II/PSS-10 |
| Kingsley, et al. (2005) | USA | 15/0/15 | 14/0/14 | 45 (9) | 47 (4) | 30.3 (6.4) | 32.0 (7.8) | Resistance exercise Length of Intervention: 12 weeks Freq: twice a week |
CON | FIQ |
| Norouzi, et al. (2020) | Iran | 20/0/20 | 20/0/20 | 35.5 (2.42) | 35.4 (2.80) | NR | NR | Aerobic exercise 12 weeks/3 times a week/60 mins |
CON | BDI-II |
| Paolucci, et al. (2016) | Italy | 18/0/18 | 18/0/18 | 50.4 (8.6) | 51.3 (9.0) | 24.7 (3.7) | 23.8 (5.0) | Physical exercise 5 weeks/twice a week/60 mins |
CON | FIQ |
| Paolucci, et al. (2015) | Italy | 19/0/19 | 18/0/18 | 50.1 (8.9) | 48.1 (10.4) | 24.6 (3.8) | 24.4 (5.1) | Physical exercise 5 weeks/twice a week/60 mins |
CON | FIQ |
| Rodríguez-Mansilla, et al. (2021) | Spain | 33/0/33 | 29/0/29 | NR | NR | NR | NR | Active exercise 4 weeks/twice a week/45 mins |
CON | FIQ/VAS |
| Sañudo, et al. (2011) | Spain | 18/0/18 | 20/0/20 | 55.48 (7.14) | 56.15 (8.48) | 28.19 (5.1) | 29.03 (5.4) | Combined aerobic and muscle strength training exercises 24 weeks/twice a week/45–60 mins |
CON (Usual medical treatment) | FIQ/SF-36/BDI |
| Sañudo, et al. (2012) | Spain | 13/0/13 | 12/0/12 | NR | NR | NR | NR | Combined aerobic and muscle strength training exercises 3 years/twice a week/45–60 mins |
CON | FIQ/SF-36/BDI |
| Schulze, et al. (2023) | Brazil | 11/0/11 | 12/0/12 | 45.92 (7.33) | 45.17 (11.77) | 27.77 (4.9) | 29.5 (5.7) | Flexibility exercise 8 weeks/1 time a week/40–45 mins |
CON | FIQ/VAS |
| van Eijk-Hustings, et al. (2013) | Netherlands | 19/0/19 | 48/0/48 | 43.9 (7.6) | 42.9 (11.0) | NR | NR | Aerobic exercise 12 weeks/twice a week/60 mins |
CON | FIQ |
Note: IG: Intervention Group; CG: Control Group; CON: Control; VAS: Visual Analog Scale; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; NR: Not reported; PCS: Pain Catastrophizing Scale; FIQ: Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire; CPAQ: Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire; HIIT: High Intensity Interval Training; MICT: Moderate Intensity Continuous Training; PGIC: Patient global impression of change; TAU: Treatment-as-usual control arm; EQ-5D: EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; SF-36: The medical outcomes study 36-item short from health survey; BDI-II: The Beck Depression Inventory-II; PSS-10: Perceived Stress Scale-10; IPQ-R: Illness Perception Questionnaire; TENS: Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation;HAQ: Health Assessment Questionnaire; MCS: Mental component scale; FABQ: The Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire.