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. 2024 Aug 1;166(1):317. doi: 10.1007/s00701-024-06179-8

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

The top row/example shows the effect on the boundary of a binary circle when Gaussian blurring is applied - using a kernel density estimate plot. The bottom row/example shows the same but using a box filter, where the circle also now has protrusions, unaffecting the defined boundary represented by the yellow mask