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. 2024 Aug 1;14:17848. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-68634-x

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© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Impact of case investigation and contact tracing (CICT) during two Delta periods in Vermont, for different initial values of the basic reproduction number (R₀). The results are presented in terms of Cumulative number of cases averted (Panel A) and corresponding percentage reduction in COVID-19 cases (Panel B). The results corresponding to the observed percentage of vaccinated population (Table 2) are represented by the dashed vertical line. Note that the model adjusts the R₀ value on a daily basis as the pool of susceptible individuals decreases; the R₀ value adjusted in the sensitivity analyses is the “starting” value. Further note the percentage reduction in COVID-19 cases (panel B) represents the number of cases averted by CICT among every 100 cases not averted by vaccine or other nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs; such as facemask policies, large gathering restrictions, and school/business closures).