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. 2024 Aug 1;10:106. doi: 10.1038/s41378-024-00733-1

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a 40x Fluorescent FITC calcium image of BV2 cells at the peak calcium transient intensity using the perfusion system and the CAM-μTAS. 45% of sampled cells showed calcium transient activity b Time series of the fluorescence intensities of responsive cells during the application of IL-1β [10 ng/mL], IL-6 [10 ng/mL], TNF-α [100 ng/mL], and ATP [200 μM] using the perfusion system and using the CAM-μTAS. On the CAM-μTAS, microglia response to the gradient is location-dependent (the locations displayed are measured away from the cytokine source). c Location vs. latency to peak (the time it takes for the signal to reach its maximum strength after being initiated) of cells using the perfusion system and using the CAM-μTAS. There is no correlation between location and latency to peak in the perfusion system (r = −0.046), but the CAM-μTAS showed a strong correlation (r = 0.76) (n = 3 devices)