Table 3.
Nutritional intake1 for adherent vegan and adherent omni at months 3, 6, and 12 among African Americans with overweight/obesity.
| Macro- and Micronutrients |
Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 12 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adherent Vegan (n=32) (mean, SE) |
Adherent Omni (n=20) (mean, SE) |
Diff. (mean, SE) |
P | Adherent Vegan (n=23) (mean, SE) |
Adherent Omni (n=18) (mean, SE) |
Diff. (mean, SE) |
P | Adherent Vegan (n=27) (mean, SE) |
Adherent Omni (n=21) (mean, SE) |
Diff. (mean, SE) |
P | |
| Absolute Intake | ||||||||||||
| Total energy, kcal/d | 1322 (74) | 1213 (94) | 109 (120) | 0.4 | 1461 (103) | 1444 (116) | 17 (156) | 0.9 | 1547 (103) | 1415 (116) | 131 (156) | 0.4 |
| Total fat, g | 43.9 (3.6) | 46.6 (4.5) | −2.6 (5.8) | 0.6 | 51.3 (5.9) | 54.6 (6.7) | −3.3 (8.9) | 0.7 | 60.6 (6.6) | 51.9 (7.4) | 8.7 (9.9) | 0.4 |
| Saturated fat, g | 8.6 (1.0) | 11.6 (1.2) | −3.1 (1.5) | 0.05 | 10.1 (1.6) | 14.4 (1.8) | −4.3 (2.5) | 0.1 | 11.2 (1.5) | 13.9 (1.7) | −2.7 (2.2) | 0.2 |
| Monounsaturated fat, g | 16.1 (1.5) | 17.2 (1.9) | −1.1 (2.4) | 0.6 | 20.5 (2.6) | 19.8 (2.9) | 0.7 (3.9) | 0.9 | 23.3 (3.0) | 17.6 (3.4) | 5.6 (4.6) | 0.2 |
| Polyunsaturated fat, g | 15.8 (1.3) | 13.9 (1.6) | 1.9 (2.1) | 0.4 | 16.8 (1.9) | 15.7 (2.2) | 1.1 (3.0) | 0.7 | 21.5 (2.2) | 16.0 (2.5) | 5.6 (3.3) | 0.1 |
| Cholesterol, mg | 18.6 (9.0) | 105.3 (11.4) | −86.8 (14.8) | <.001 | 17.6 (24.4) | 182.3 (27.6) | −164.7 (36.9) | <.001 | 35.1 (14.5) | 120.5 (16.4) | −85.4 (21.9) | <.001 |
| Carbohydrates, g | 199.3 (10.5) | 149.0 (13.3) | 50.3 (16.9) | 0.01 | 216.1 (13.1) | 183.5 (14.9) | 32.6 (20.0) | 0.1 | 214.3 (13.5) | 186.6 (15.4) | 27.6 (20.7) | 0.2 |
| Sugar, g | 75.7 (5.7) | 54.7 (7.3) | 21.0 (9.3) | 0.03 | 73.2 (6.6) | 69.6 (7.4) | 3.7 (10.0) | 0.7 | 78.3 (7.0) | 75.1 (7.9) | 3.1 (10.7) | 0.8 |
| Fibers, g | 30.7 (2.0) | 18.0 (2.6) | 12.8 (3.3) | <.001 | 33.7 (2.7) | 20.6 (3.1) | 13.1 (4.1) | 0.003 | 31.8 (2.3) | 23.4 (2.7) | 8.4 (3.5) | 0.02 |
| Proteins, g | 40.9 (3.2) | 49.3 (4.1) | −8.4 (5.3) | 0.1 | 46.8 (4.4) | 57.1 (5.0) | −10.3 (6.6) | 0.1 | 47.7 (4.8) | 61.4 (5.5) | −13.7 (7.3) | 0.1 |
| Alcohol, g | 2.9 (1.8) | 4.9 (2.3) | −2.0 (3.0) | 0.5 | 1.2 (1.7) | 4.4 (2.0) | −3.2 (2.6) | 0.2 | 2.1 (0.9) | −0.1 (1.1) | 2.3 (1.4) | 0.1 |
| Sodium, mg | 2297 (155) | 2152 (196) | 145 (251) | 0.6 | 2351 (169) | 2624 (192) | −273 (256) | 0.3 | 2678 (186) | 2739 (211) | −61 (282) | 0.8 |
| Calcium, mg | 712.4 (54.3) | 610.4 (68.8) | 102.0 (87.8) | 0.3 | 740.6 (61.3) | 682.2 (69.4) | 58.4 (93.3) | 0.5 | 837.8 (78.6) | 743.2 (89.2) | 94.6 (119.6) | 0.4 |
| Iron, mg | 12.8 (0.7) | 9.2 (0.9) | 3.6 (1.1) | 0.002 | 15.4 (1.4) | 13.1 (1.6) | 2.3 (2.2) | 0.3 | 13.4 (1.4) | 15.3 (1.6) | −1.9 (2.1) | 0.4 |
| Nutrient Density | ||||||||||||
| Total fat, % energy | 29.3 (1.4) | 34.1 (1.8) | −4.7 (2.3) | 0.05 | 29.2 (2.0) | 34.5 (2.3) | −5.4 (3.0) | 0.1 | 33.0 (2.0) | 32.2 (2.2) | 0.8 (3.0) | 0.8 |
| Carbohydrates, % energy | 60.8 (1.7) | 51.1 (2.2) | 9.6 (2.8) | 0.001 | 61.1 (2.1) | 51.5 (2.4) | 9.5 (3.2) | 0.01 | 57.8 (2.0) | 53.0 (2.3) | 4.8 (3.1) | 0.1 |
| Proteins, % energy | 12.7 (0.7) | 15.9 (0.9) | −3.2 (1.1) | 0.01 | 13.3 (0.8) | 15.5 (0.9) | −2.2 (1.3) | 0.1 | 12.5 (0.9) | 17.6 (1.1) | −5.1 (1.5) | 0.001 |
| Sodium, mg/1000 kcal | 1828 (110) | 1798 (140) | 30 (181) | 0.9 | 1721 (102) | 1843 (115) | −121 (154) | 0.4 | 1834 (86) | 1935 (97) | −101 (131) | 0.4 |
| Calcium, mg/1000 kcal | 554.7 (53.7) | 562.8 (68.0) | −8.0 (87.0) | 0.9 | 571.7 (44.8) | 479.5 (50.7) | 92.2 (68.0) | 0.2 | 562.9 (38.5) | 544.4 (43.7) | 18.5 (58.5) | 0.8 |
| Iron, mg/1000 kcal | 100.5 (7.5) | 87.1 (9.5) | 13.4 (12.1) | 0.3 | 110.2 (93 | 94.0 (10.6) | 16.2 (14.3) | 0.3 | 93.1 (8.5) | 106.8 (9.7) | −13.7 (13.0) | 0.3 |
1
Adjusted for baseline (month 0) consumption as a covariate in regression models.
Statistically significant (P<0.05) changes are bolded.
Abbreviations: diff, difference; g, grams; mg, milligrams; omni, omnivorous; SE, standard error