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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nutr Res. 2024 Feb 2;128:1–13. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.01.010

Table 6.

Total and component scores1 for hPDI2 at months 0, 3, 6 and 12 among African Americans with overweight/obesity.

hPDI
Components		 Month 0 Month 3 Month 6 Month 12
Vegan
(n=53)
(mean,
SE)		 Omni
(n=60)
(mean,
SE)		 Diff.
(mean,
SE)		 P 3 Vegan
(mean,
SE)		 Omni
(mean,
SE)		 Diff.
(mean,
SE)		 P Vegan
(mean,
SE)		 Omni
(mean,
SE)		 Diff.
(mean,
SE)		 P Vegan
(mean,
SE)		 Omni
(mean,
SE)		 Diff.
(mean,
SE)		 P
Plant Food Groups
Healthy
Vegetables 2.9
(0.2)		 3.1
(0.2)		 −0.1
(0.3)		 0.6 3.3
(0.2)		 2.7
(0.2)		 0.7
(0.2)		 0.01 3.2
(0.2)		 2.8
(0.2)		 0.4
(0.3)		 0.1 3.4
(0.2)		 2.6
(0.2)		 0.7
(0.3)		 0.004
Fruits 3.1
(0.2)		 2.9
(0.2)		 0.2
(0.3)		 0.4 3.1
(0.2)		 2.9
(0.2)		 0.2
(0.3)		 0.5 3.2
(0.2)		 2.8
(0.2)		 0.5
(0.3)		 0.1 3.3
(0.2)		 2.7
(0.2)		 0.6
(0.2)		 0.02
Whole grains 3.0
(0.2)		 2.8
(0.2)		 0.2
(0.3)		 0.5 3.2
(0.2)		 2.8
(0.2)		 0.4
(0.3)		 0.1 3.3
(0.2)		 2.7
(0.2)		 0.6
(0.3)		 0.02 3.2
(0.2)		 2.8
(0.2)		 0.4
(0.3)		 0.1
Nuts 2.9
(0.2)		 2.8
(0.2)		 0.1
(0.3)		 0.7 3.2
(0.2)		 2.7
(0.2)		 0.5
(0.3)		 0.1 3.0
(0.2)		 2.8
(0.2)		 0.2
(0.3)		 0.5 3.1
(0.2)		 2.8
(0.2)		 0.4
(0.3)		 0.2
Legumes 2.6
(0.2)		 2.1
(0.2)		 0.5
(0.3)		 0.2 3.1
(0.2)		 2.3
(0.2)		 0.8
(0.3)		 0.01 3.0
(0.2)		 2.6
(0.2)		 0.4
(0.3)		 0.2 2.8
(0.2)		 2.5
(0.2)		 0.3
(0.3)		 0.3
Vegetable oils 3.0
(0.2)		 3.0
(0.2)		 0.03
(0.3)		 0.9 3.0
(0.2)		 3.0
(0.2)		 0.02
(0.3)		 0.9 3.1
(0.2)		 2.9
(0.2)		 0.1
(0.3)		 0.6 3.2
(0.2)		 2.8
(0.2)		 0.5
(0.3)		 0.1
Less healthy
Fruit juices 3.0
(0.2)		 3.2
(0.2)		 −0.2
(0.3)		 0.6 3.1
(0.2)		 3.6
(0.2)		 −0.5
(0.3)		 0.1 2.8
(0.2)		 3.5
(0.2)		 −0.7
(0.3)		 0.01 3.2
(0.2)		 3.4
(0.2)		 −0.3
(0.3)		 0.4
Refined grains 3.1
(0.2		 3.0
(0.2)		 0.1
(0.3)		 0.6 3.0
(0.2)		 3.0
(0.2)		 0.02
(0.3)		 0.9 3.0
(0.2)		 3.0
(0.2)		 −0.1
(0.2)		 0.8 2.9
(0.2)		 3.1
(0.2)		 −0.2
(0.3)		 0.4
Potatoes 3.2
(0.2)		 2.9
(0.2)		 0.3
(0.3)		 0.2 3.0
(0.2)		 3.5
(0.2)		 −0.5
(0.3)		 0.1 3.2
(0.2)		 3.1
(0.2)		 0.1
(0.3)		 0.8 3.2
(0.2)		 3.3
(0.2)		 −0.1
(0.3)		 0.7
Animal Food Groups
Animal fat 3.1
(0.2)		 3.0
(0.2)		 0.1
(0.3)		 0.6 3.4
(0.2)		 2.7
(0.2)		 0.8
(0.2)		 0.002 3.3
(0.2)		 2.7
(0.2)		 0.6
(0.2)		 0.02 3.3
(0.2)		 2.7
(0.2)		 0.6
(0.3)		 0.03
Dairy 3.4
(0.2)		 2.7
(0.2)		 0.6
(0.3)		 0.02 3.4
(0.2)		 2.6
(0.2)		 0.8
(0.3)		 0.003 3.3
(0.2)		 2.7
(0.2)		 0.6
(0.3)		 0.02 3.3
(0.2)		 2.8
(0.2)		 0.5
(0.3)		 0.05
Eggs 3.0
(0.2)		 3.1
(0.2)		 −0.1
(0.3)		 0.8 3.7
(0.2)		 2.5
(0.2)		 1.3
(0.2)		 <.001 3.5
(0.2)		 2.6
(0.2)		 0.9
(0.3)		 0.001 3.6
(0.2)		 2.5
(0.2)		 1.0
(0.3)		 <.001
Fish or Seafood 3.3
(0.3)		 3.3
(0.2)		 −0.1
(0.3)		 0.8 4.5
(0.2)		 3.3
(0.2)		 1.2
(0.3)		 <.001 4.4
(0.2)		 3.2
(0.2)		 1.2
(0.3)		 <.001 4.1
(0.2)		 3.2
(0.2)		 0.9
(0.3)		 0.01
Meat 2.8
(0.2)		 3.2
(0.2)		 −0.4
(0.3)		 0.2 4.2
(0.2)		 2.2
(0.2)		 2.0
(0.2)		 <.001 4.0
(0.1)		 2.2
(0.1)		 1.8
(0.2)		 <.001 4.0
(0.2)		 2.3
(0.2)		 1.6
(0.2)		 <.001
hPDI score (14-70) 42.4
(1.0)		 40.9
(0.9)		 1.5
(1.4)		 0.3 47.2
(1.0)		 39.8
(0.9)		 7.4
(1.3)		 <.001 46.2
(1.1)		 39.9
(1.0)		 6.2
(1.5)		 <.001 46.4
(1.1)		 39.7
(1.0)		 6.7
(1.5)		 <.001
1

Adjusted for baseline (month 0) consumption as a covariate in regression models.

2

Each component has a possible score of 1-5, with 1 being least healthy and 5 being healthiest. Participants are ranked 1-5 based on quintile of consumption. For healthy components, participants in quintile 5 received a score of 5. For unhealthy components, participants in quintile 5 received a score of 1.

3

t-test used to test whether difference was statistically significant.

Statistically significant (P<0.05) changes are bolded.

Abbreviations: diff, difference; hPDI, healthy plant-based diet index; omni, omnivorous; SE, standard error