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. 2024 Aug 1;14:17867. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-68227-8

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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The fecal microbial α-diversity and differentially abundant taxa in four groups. (A) α diversity of fecal intestinal flora in four groups. (B) The fecal microbial richness calculated by ACE among four groups. (C) The fecal microbial richness calculated by Chao among four groups. (D) The fecal microbial richness calculated by Shannon among four groups. (E) The fecal microbial uniformity calculated by Simpson among four groups. (F) Four groups of fecal microorganisms β diversity box diagram. (G) Fecal microbial β diversity calculated by principal coordinate analysis among four groups. (H) Histogram of species composition at the phylum level. (I) Histogram of species composition at the genus level. (J) Analysis of bacteria groups with significant difference at phylum level. (K) Analysis of significantly different flora at genus level. (L) LDA effect size among four groups.

The fecal microbial α-diversity and differentially abundant taxa in four groups. (A) α diversity of fecal intestinal flora in four groups. (B) The fecal microbial richness calculated by ACE among four groups. (C) The fecal microbial richness calculated by Chao among four groups. (D) The fecal microbial richness calculated by Shannon among four groups. (E) The fecal microbial uniformity calculated by Simpson among four groups. (F) Four groups of fecal microorganisms β diversity box diagram. (G) Fecal microbial β diversity calculated by principal coordinate analysis among four groups. (H) Histogram of species composition at the phylum level. (I) Histogram of species composition at the genus level. (J) Analysis of bacteria groups with significant difference at phylum level. (K) Analysis of significantly different flora at genus level. (L) LDA effect size among four groups.