Table 2.
Examples of barriers and facilitators with example quotes and themes. Barriers and facilitators belong to the corresponding category. The table and the following result section is built on the thematic analysis aligned to the levels in socioecological model
| Individual level | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Example quotes | Barriers | Facilitators | Categories | Themes |
| “…Physiotherapy services are focussed on orthopaedic conditions at many hospitals…but there are different conditions and diverse scope in which physiotherapist should have been involved.” -P2, Physiotherapist | Lack of awareness of opportunity for expanded scope of practice | Positive self-concept about oneself (profession) | Knowledge, perception and self-concept | Physiotherapists as agents of change and leaders |
| “.we have submitted many documents about physiotherapy, but they were not addressed because we do not have physiotherapists at policy level. We must aspire to reach higher to uplift our profession [position].” -P1, Physiotherapist | Difficulties in advocacy | Commitment towards improving profession | Advocacy efforts | |
| Lack of leadership positions | Physiotherapists’ taking initiation | Leadership attitude | ||
| “There used to be more than 70 patients…hospital promised us overtime payment which we never received…should never happen to young physiotherapists like us. But we boldly kept this issue in the board meeting.” -P8, Physiotherapist | Individual negative experiences | Raising the voice/ Effort/ Skill to address the issues | Personal experiences | |
| Interpersonal level | ||||
| “You can go home and exercise yourself. You don’t have to go elsewhere.” Patients are given this sort of advice. So, there is a lack of knowledge in doctors at some centres.” - P9, Physiotherapist | Having low or negative attention/ Lack of autonomy | Understanding the significance of physiotherapy by other professionals | Formal networking/ Teamwork | Biomedical model and its influence on interaction between health professionals |
| “Unless physiotherapist establish networks and provide quality service, it is difficult for us to gain the trust of the stakeholders, patients and doctors.” -P5, Physiotherapist | Lack of recognition | Gaining positive attitudes and respect | Establishing professional network | |
NB: The following descriptions were informed by the results under each level presented as in the example and too long to include in this paper