Table 2.

Results of VR Versus Control Group.

Sub-analysis	VR group*	Control group*	Mean difference †	p-Value
Change in HR max (bpm) • Cast removal subset	10.6 ± 10.1 10.5 ± 11.1	18.4 ± 11.0 18.5 ± 12.2	7.8 (5.5–10.1) 8.0 (4.9–11.1)	0.00048 0.0107
Perceived anxiety (VAS Score) • Cast removal subset	1.7 ± 2.8 1.6 ± 2.9	2.9 ± 3.6 2.9 ± 3.5	1.2 (0.5–1.9) 1.3 (0.5–2.0)	0.0666 0.1214
Perceived pain (FACES Score) • Cast removal subset	0.9 ± 2.2 0.5 ± 1.2	1.8 ± 2.6 1.8 ± 2.8	0.9 (0.4–1.4) 1.3 (0.7–1.9)	0.0675 0.0229

^*Values are given as the mean and standard deviation.

^†Values are given as mean difference with the 95% CI in parentheses.

VAS: Visual Analog Scale, VR: Virtual Reality.

Table 2 demonstrates the key study results.