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. 2024 Aug 1;24:321. doi: 10.1186/s12886-024-03529-z

Table 1.

Autorefraction, keratometry and axial length measured pre- and post-cycloplegia. Spherical equivalent (SE), refractive astigmatism vectorial components (J0_Ar and J45_Ar), mean keratometry (Km), corneal astigmatism vectorial components (J0_K and J45_K), and axial length (AL). Data is presented with mean ± standard deviation (SD), 95% confidence interval (CI) and range

Measurement 1 Measurement 2
Parameter Mean ± SD 95% CI Range Mean ± SD 95% CI Range
Pre-cycloplegia
SE (D) -0.80 ± 2.04 -1.21; -0.39 -6.20; +6.51 -0.81 ± 1.99 -1.21; -0.40 -6.35; +5.18
J0_Ar (D) + 0.20 ± 0.36 + 0.12; +0.27 -0.78; +1.15 + 0.21 ± 0.37 + 0.14; +0.29 -0.78; +1.23
J45_Ar (D) -0.08 ± 0.20 -0.12; -0.04 -0.75; +0.60 -0.09 ± 0.19 -0.13; -0.05 -0.47; +0.53
Km (D) 43.40 ± 1.54 43.09; 43.71 39.85; 47.45 43.39 ± 1.53 43.08; 43.70 39.90; 47.45
J0_K (D) + 0.34 ± 0.24 + 0.29; +0.39 -0.31; +0.94 + 0.33 ± 0.23 + 0.28; +0.38 -0.28; +0.94
J45_K (D) + 0.01 ± 0.13 -0.02; +0.04 -0.35; +0.35 + 0.01 ± 0.13 -0.02; +0.04 -0.35; +0.35
AL (mm) 23.41 ± 1.23 23.16; 23.66 20.42; 26.68 23.41 ± 1.22 23.17; 23.66 20.43; 26.67
Post-cycloplegia
SE (D) -0.02 ± 2.39 -0.50; +0.47 -5.61; +7.18 -0.01 ± 2.39 -0.49; +0.47 -5.68; +7.32
J0_Ar (D) + 0.25 ± 0.33 + 0.18; +0.32 -0.60; +1.19 + 0.24 ± 0.35 + 0.20; +0.34 -0.66; +1.19
J45_Ar (D) -0.07 ± 0.20 -0.11; -0.03 -0.76; +0.60 -0.08 ± 0.19 -0.12; -0.04 -0.50; +0.60
Km (D) 43.38 ± 1.57 43.07; 43.70 39.85; 47.55 43.37 ± 1.55 43.06; 43.68 39.60; 47.35
J0_K (D) + 0.34 ± 0.24 + 0.29; +0.39 -0.29; +0.91 + 0.35 ± 0.24 + 0.30; +0.39 -0.28; +0.89
J45_K (D) + 0.02 ± 0.13 -0.01; +0.05 -0.24; +0.45 + 0.02 ± 0.13 -0.01; +0.05 -0.24; +0.45
AL (mm) 23.42 ± 1.20 23.18; 23.67 20.42; 26.68 23.42 ± 1.20 23.17; 23.67 20.43; 26.67