Table 3.

Crude and adjusted odds ratios for the association between variables and low birth weight (< 2500 g)

	Crude OR (95% CI)	p value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	p value
Sepsis	10.72 (9.88–11.64)	< 0.001	9.51 (8.73–10.36)	< 0.001
Maternal age ≥ 35 years	1.59 (1.51–1.66)	< 0.001	1.50 (1.43–1.58)	< 0.001
Urbanisation
Urban	Ref		Ref
Rural	1.25 (1.19–1.32)	< 0.001	1.16 (1.10–1.23)	< 0.001
Low insured income a	1.25 (1.20–1.30)	< 0.001	1.20 (1.15–1.26)	< 0.001
Comorbidities
Hypertension	7.93 (6.31–9.97)	< 0.001	3.39 (2.56–4.49)	< 0.001
Hyperlipidemia	3.84 (2.98–4.94)	< 0.001	1.70 (1.23–2.35)	0.001
Diabetes mellitus	4.40 (3.39–5.71)	< 0.001	1.07 (0.76–1.49)	0.714
Malignancy	1.69 (1.19–2.40)	0.003	1.51 (1.05–2.17)	0.028
Depression	2.03 (1.60–2.56)	< 0.001	1.69 (1.32–2.16)	< 0.001
Hyperthyroidism	1.09 (0.84–1.41)	0.520	0.94 (0.71–1.23)	0.643
Chronic liver diseases	1.82 (1.36–2.44)	< 0.001	1.47 (1.07–2.00)	0.016
Connective tissue disease	2.72 (1.92–3.86)	< 0.001	1.88 (1.28–2.76)	0.001
Gestational risks
Gestational diabetes	1.15 (0.97–1.36)	0.114	0.81 (0.67–0.97)	0.021
History of preterm delivery	13.22 (9.73–17.97)	< 0.001	8.41 (5.96–11.88)	< 0.001
Current smoker	4.80 (3.38–6.82)	< 0.001	3.27 (2.21–4.84)	< 0.001
Cervical insufficiency	16.38 (11.23–23.88)	< 0.001	11.07 (7.29–16.83)	< 0.001
Preeclampsia	14.38 (12.79–16.17)	< 0.001	12.57 (11.11–14.23)	< 0.001

^aInsured income lower than median income (17,280 New Taiwan dollars)