Table 2. Means of rumen fermentation parameter as effected by breed, grazing system and their interaction.

Parameter	Breed			razing system			p-value
	Bonsmara	Nguni	SEM	Communal	Commercial	SEM	Breed	Grazing system	Breed*Grazing system
Ammonia- N (mg/l)	69.05b	96.78a	6.613	73.43b	92.41a	6.613	0.005	0.050	0.935
pH	6.85a	6.84	0.048	6.87	6.81	0.048	0.890	0.330	0.753
Temperature (°C)	34.21	34.18	0.082	34.08	34.31a	0.082	0.785	0.055	0.838
Total VFAs (mmol/l)	85.68	87.65	5.871	78.87	89.80a	4.793	0.791	0.133	0.132
Individual VFAs (mmol/100 mmol)
Acetate	65.55a	64.26a	1.598	67.83a	59.90b	1.305	0.275	0.001	0.460
Propionate	17.33a	19.90a	0.953	17.73b	20.65a	0.778	0.094	0.021	0.566
Butyrate	13.43a	11.94a	1.006	10.70b	15.65a	0.821	0.322	0.001	0.914
Iso-butyrate	1.19	1.03	0.253	0.94	1.31	0.207	0.892	0.230	0.303
Valerate	1.55	1.80	0.181	1.75	1.56	0.148	0.609	0.371	0.253
Iso-valerate	0.94	1.06	0.086	1.06	0.93	1.06	0.597	0.218	0.226
Acetate: Propionate	3.83a	3.33a	0.188	3.88a	2.97b	0.154	0.051	0.001	0.284

VFAs = Volatile fatty acids, Ammonia-N = Ammonia- Nitrogen.

^a–bDifferent letters in the same row are significantly different (p ≤ 0.05). SEM, Standard Error of the Mean.