Table 1.

Studies of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with lupus and lupus nephritis

Study	Patient population	SGLT2 inhibitor	Follow up	Conclusions
Wang et al. RMD Open 2022 [23▪▪]	38 patients with lupus  Included 17 patients with active lupus nephritis defined as proteinuria >0.5 g/24 h at entry	Dapagliflozin 10 mg daily	6 months	12/38 patients (31.58%) had adverse events attributed to dapagliflozin, although only two adverse events were severe.  No significant change in SLEDAI scores.  Proteinuria in patients with lupus nephritis remained unchanged.  GFR remained stable.  Mean prednisone dose was decreased by approximately 30%.
Morales and Galindo, Ann Rheum Dis 2022 [24]	Five patients with biopsy-proven lupus nephritis	Empagliflozin 10 mg daily	2 months	Mean proteinuria decreased from 2.2 g/day to 1.2 g/day  No significant changes in GFR.
Zhao et al., Ann Rheum Dis 2023 [25▪▪]	Nine patients with biopsy-proven lupus nephritis	Various SGLT2 inhibitors including dapagliflozin 10 mg daily, canagliflozin 100 mg daily, ertugliflozin 5 mg daily	2 months	Proteinuria decreased by 29.6–96.3%  GFR was stable over treatment period.